This project investigates how category theory can be used to develop a formal framework for detecting and mitigating data poisoning in multimodal learning pipelines. Multimodal AI systems often integrate diverse data sources, such as images, text, sensor streams, clinical records, and other structured or unstructured data. However, when poisoned or manipulated data enter these pipelines, the effects may propagate across modalities and compromise model reliability, interpretability, and safety.
The student will explore how category-theoretic structures can represent data modalities, transformations, learning components, and fusion processes as objects and morphisms. The project will examine how compositional structures, functors, and invariants can be used to identify inconsistencies, trace the propagation of poisoned data, isolate compromised components, and design principled mitigation strategies.
The work will combine theoretical development, literature review, algorithmic prototyping, and validation using simulated or real-world multimodal learning tasks. The project aims to contribute to more robust, interpretable, and secure AI systems, particularly in settings where multimodal data integrity is critical.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is community-oriented artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and data science for infectious disease prevention, preparedness, and response. I develop AI-enabled and mathematical modeling approaches to support public-health decision-making, with emphasis on epidemic dynamics, behavioral responses, vaccination strategies, climate and environmental drivers, and health equity. This research integrates epidemiological data, climate-informed modelling, and community-relevant analytics to address infectious disease challenges in Canada, Africa, and the Global South, while supporting resilient health systems and equitable outbreak response.
Student roles: The student will review literature on category theory, multimodal learning, AI security, and data poisoning, then help develop a formal framework for representing multimodal pipelines as objects, morphisms, and compositional structures. They will design algorithmic prototypes to detect inconsistencies, trace poisoned data propagation, and evaluate mitigation strategies using simulated or real-world multimodal tasks. The student will analyze results, prepare visualizations, document methods, and contribute to manuscript writing in collaboration with supervisors and interdisciplinary partners.
Skills required: The ideal student should have a background in mathematics, applied mathematics, computer science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, cybersecurity, statistics, or a related field. Familiarity with category theory, abstract algebra, linear algebra, probability, multimodal learning, AI security, and data poisoning is preferred. Experience with Python, R, Julia, MATLAB, or machine-learning libraries would be an asset. Strong mathematical reasoning, coding, analytical, writing, and communication skills are required.
2. A data-driven syndemic modeling framework to address diabetes and comorbidities in Black communities in Ontario: uncovering the role of social determinants and health inequities
This project develops a data-driven syndemic modeling framework to investigate the joint
dynamics of Type 2 Diabetes and its major comorbidities, including hypertension and
cardiovascular disease, among Black communities in Ontario. The study is motivated by
persistent health disparities driven by social determinants such as socioeconomic inequality,
healthcare access, and chronic stress.
The primary objective is to construct and calibrate a multi-disease dynamical system that
captures interactions between diabetes and its comorbidities while explicitly incorporating social
determinants as modifiers of disease progression and risk. Epidemiological and demographic
data will be obtained from Statistics Canada and Public Health Ontario, ensuring that the model
reflects real-world population dynamics.
Parameter estimation will be conducted using Bayesian inference techniques, enabling robust
uncertainty quantification and integration of prior knowledge. The model will be calibrated to
observed prevalence data and used to derive key epidemiological thresholds governing
comorbidity escalation. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses will identify critical drivers of
disease burden.
Scenario analyses will evaluate the potential impact of interventions, including improved
healthcare access and reduced socioeconomic disparities. By integrating biological,
epidemiological, and social processes within a unified framework, the project aims to generate
quantitative insights into the mechanisms driving health inequities.
The outcomes will support evidence-based, equity-focused public health strategies and
contribute to improved prevention and management of diabetes and its complications in Black
communities in Ontario.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Our research lies in mathematical epidemiology, focusing on multiscale modeling of infectious
and chronic diseases. We develop dynamical systems that integrate within-host immune dynamics,
population-level transmission, and social determinants of health, with applications to vector-
borne diseases, syndemics, and comorbidity dynamics. Our work incorporates climate-driven
processes, host-pathogen interactions, and health inequities. Methodologically, we use applied
differential equations, singular perturbation theory, and data-driven approaches such as Bayesian
inference. We also integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning, including neural
differential equations, to enhance model calibration, flexibility, and predictive capability.
Student roles: The student will play an active role in developing, implementing, and analyzing a syndemic model of diabetes and comorbidities. The project will begin with data collection and preprocessing, where the student will compile epidemiological and socioeconomic data from Statistics Canada and Public Health Ontario. This includes preparing datasets on diabetes prevalence, comorbidity rates, and key social determinants such as income and healthcare access. The student will implement the mathematical model computationally using R, Python, or MATLAB, incorporating disease progression pathways and interactions between conditions. A major component of the role involves parameter estimation using Bayesian inference techniques, including implementation of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to calibrate the model to observed data. The student will conduct sensitivity and uncertainty analyses to identify the most influential parameters and assess the robustness of model predictions. They will also perform scenario analyses to evaluate the impact of interventions, such as improved healthcare access or reduced socioeconomic disparities, on disease burden. In addition, the student will contribute to model validation by comparing simulation outputs with empirical data and refining the model as needed. Documentation of methods, code development, and interpretation of results will be expected throughout the project. The student will participate in regular research discussions and contribute to the preparation of a final report, a manuscript for publication, and conference presentations. This role provides valuable interdisciplinary experience at the interface of mathematics, data science, and public health, with a strong emphasis on health equity.
Skills required: The student should have a strong background in mathematics, statistics, epidemiology, or a related quantitative field. Familiarity with differential equations, dynamical systems, and basic disease modeling is required. Experience with programming in R, Python, or MATLAB is essential. Knowledge of statistical inference methods, particularly Bayesian approaches, is desirable. An interest in public health, health equity, or social determinants of health will be an asset. Strong analytical, problem-solving, and scientific communication skills are expected.
3. AI-Enabled Autonomous and Resilient Non-Terrestrial Networks for 6G and Beyond
Supervisor: Peng Hu
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
The non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), represented by advanced low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations, are emerging as a promising direction for 6G and beyond, and are increasingly recognized as a critical component of next-generation global connectivity. With the rapid deployment of NTNs such as SpaceX’s Starlink, Amazon LEO, OneWeb, and Telesat LightSpeed, future Internet infrastructure will rely heavily on the seamless integration of space and terrestrial assets. These systems have the potential to significantly benefit rural and remote communities in Canada and worldwide, helping to bridge the Digital Divide.
However, NTN systems face significant challenges, including service interruptions due to dynamic network conditions, limited observability, and inefficient network management. Addressing these issues requires intelligent, autonomous solutions that enhance network resilience and operational efficiency. In this project, we explore AI-enabled approaches for autonomous NTN operation, including real-time resource optimization, predictive maintenance, and adaptive network control. In addition, this project introduces emerging quantum technologies into NTN research, including quantum sensing and quantum communication. Quantum sensing techniques can provide ultra-precise environmental and positional measurements, enabling improved satellite navigation, interference detection, and situational awareness. Meanwhile, quantum communication, such as satellite-based quantum key distribution (QKD), offers fundamentally secure communication channels that can be integrated into NTN architectures to enhance security and trust in future networks.
We cordially invite students from various backgrounds to contribute to this interdisciplinary research, combining AI, wireless communications, and quantum technologies to develop novel solutions for resilient and intelligent NTN systems. Students will have the opportunity to work with unique real-world datasets and research platforms in collaboration with leading partners and disseminate their findings in top-tier research venues.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Emerging Space and Network Systems: Space-Air-Ground Integrated Systems, Satellites & Constellations, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), Protocols/Architecture/Management, Resilience & Sustainability, 6G NTN, IoT, Quantum Networks
Applied AI/Machine Learning: Autonomous Networking, Embedded AI, Edge AI/Computing, Anomaly Detection
Systems & Applications for Real-World Challenges: Digital Divide, Digital Health, Smart Agriculture/Aquaculture, Environmental Monitoring, Industry 5.0, etc.
Student roles: • Design and develop software prototypes using Python, incorporating custom modules and state-of-the-art AI/ML frameworks. • Investigate key research challenges in NTNs using advanced AI/ML techniques, including data-driven modeling and optimization. • Diagnose and resolve technical issues independently, demonstrating strong problem-solving skills and initiative. • Critically review and synthesize academic literature to inform research directions and methodologies. • Contribute to the preparation of technical reports, research papers, and publications in leading venues.
Skills required: • Strong proficiency in Python programming, with hands-on experience using modern machine learning frameworks (e.g., PyTorch) and related libraries. • Solid background in one or, preferably, a combination of the following areas: (1) deep learning (DL) or reinforcement learning (RL), (2) wireless communications and networking, (3) AI hardware (e.g., FPGA, GPU/TPU), (4) quantum computing, sensing, or networking, and (5) aerodynamic analysis. • Demonstrated ability to work independently with a high level of self-motivation, as well as collaborate effectively within a multidisciplinary team. • Strong academic research skills, including critical thinking, literature review, and scholarly writing.
4. Accelerating Gaussian Splatting with Natural Gradient Descent
Supervisor: Felix Dangel
University: Concordia University (Montréal campus)
You will build a training and evaluation pipeline for 3D Gaussian splatting in PyTorch from scratch, and investigate its loss landscape and whether modern natural gradient descent algorithms can accelerate the training procedure. If you are interested in optimization algorithms for neural network training and/or applications of Gaussian splatting, this project is a good fit.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) reconstructs 3D scenes from images and enables real-time novel-view rendering.
However, its training with first-order methods like SGD and Adam can be slow as millions of Gaussian parameters with different units (position, scale, rotation, opacity, and colour) interact nonlinearly, creating an ill-conditioned loss landscape.
This project explores approximate natural-gradient descent (NGD) methods for accelerating 3DGS.
The key idea in NGD is to adapt updates to the function-space geometry using curvature information of the loss landscape, scaled with Kronecker-factored curvature approximations.
The intern will prototype and benchmark these methods against Adam.
Student roles: You will work as a junior research developer in a single, clearly defined role: prototype and evaluate optimizers for 3D Gaussian splatting. Day-to-day work will include reading background material, implementing optimizer components, debugging experiments, collecting results, discussing findings with your supervisor, and compiling them into a scientific report.
Skills required: Required: - Familiarity with PyTorch, neural network training and logging on GPUs, as well as basic training algorithms like SGD and Adam
Helpful but not required: - Familiarity with optimization, specifically second-order methods (Newton's method, natural gradient descent, K-FAC) - Familiarity with applications of Gaussian splatting in computer vision
Thin-shell simulation models the mechanics of thin, flexible surfaces such as cloth, paper, and membranes, where realistic motion comes from the interplay of in-plane stretching and out-of-plane bending. The visual richness of cloth lives in its fine wrinkles, folds, and creases, yet these features are localized and constantly moving: resolving them with a globally fine mesh is wasteful, since most of the surface stays smooth at any instant. This project develops a GPU thin-shell simulator that adaptively refines the mesh only where detail is needed, using mesh shaders to amplify geometry on the fly.
The core idea is to drive refinement from the simulation state itself. Local indicators such as bending curvature, in-plane strain, and proximity to contact flag the regions that require more resolution, while smooth regions stay coarse or are coarsened. Mesh shaders, a flexible and compute-like stage of the modern graphics pipeline, subdivide flagged shell elements into finer patches at each step without a CPU round trip, and the simulation's degrees of freedom are transferred consistently to the new vertices so momentum and energy are preserved across refinement.
The end result will be the adaptive shell simulation implemented into PhySherGraph and evaluated on two axes: quality (wrinkle fidelity, absence of refinement artifacts, energy behaviour) and performance against a uniformly fine baseline at matched accuracy. A successful outcome delivers cloth-like detail at a fraction of the cost of uniform meshes and establishes a GPU-resident adaptive framework that extends naturally to other thin-shell materials, forming the basis of a publishable contribution to physics-based animation.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research is in physics-based animation, the branch of computer graphics concerned with simulating the motion of physical systems like deformable solids, cloth, fluids, and the contact between them. The work sits at the intersection of continuum mechanics, numerical optimization, and high-performance computing: we discretize the governing equations of motion, design solvers that are stable and fast under large time steps, and balance physical accuracy against the interactive performance that graphics applications demand. PhySherGraph, an in-house simulation framework, serves as the common platform for these projects, which lets interns build onto rather than start from scratch.
Student roles: The intern will develop the adaptive thin-shell simulator from research to working implementation. The first weeks are devoted to studying the relevant literature, including discrete shell models for bending and stretching, adaptive remeshing strategies for cloth, and the mesh-shader programming model, and to familiarizing themselves with PhySherGraph's existing simulation and rendering infrastructure. With that grounding, they will design the system's components: the shell energy and its forces, the refinement indicators, and the mesh-shader subdivision stage with consistent transfer of simulation state.
Implementation proceeds incrementally and is validated at each step. The student will first reproduce a stable uniform thin-shell simulation, then add static refinement driven by the indicators, then dynamic refinement and coarsening that follow wrinkles as they move, checking energy behaviour and visual quality against established baselines as they go. Once the adaptive simulator runs, they will profile it and compare cost and accuracy against a uniformly fine reference. Throughout, they are responsible for clean, documented, reusable code that follows the lab's conventions.
The intern will work on a shared codebase at the heart of my team. They will have regular meetings with me and with the lab members, and develop the communication skills that graduate research demands. By the end of the 12 weeks, the student will deliver a documented adaptive thin-shell module, a quantitative evaluation of its quality and performance, and a short written report suitable as the seed of a research paper, a genuine and self-contained research contribution that previews graduate study in my group.
Skills required: Strong C++ and hands-on GPU programming experience are essential, ideally with modern graphics APIs (Vulkan, DirectX 12, or WebGPU) and compute or mesh shaders. The candidate should have a solid foundation in linear algebra, numerical methods, and 3D mathematics, and be comfortable reading and extending a substantial existing codebase. No prior cloth-simulation experience is required, but it would be an interesting asset.
6. Advanced Statistical Machine Learning for Genomic Vulnerability and Environmental Adaptation
Supervisor: Armin Hatefi
University: Memorial University of Newfoundland (St. John's campus)
Climate change is rapidly reshaping marine and terrestrial ecosystems, increasing the urgency of understanding how genetic variation supports population adaptation and resilience. Eelgrass (Zostera marina), a foundation species that provides critical habitat, shoreline stabilization, and carbon storage, has declined significantly worldwide despite occupying one of the broadest environmental ranges among seagrass species. Recent large-scale genomic studies have shown that environmental factors such as temperature and salinity strongly shape population genetic structure and vulnerability to future climate change. However, these relationships are often complex and nonlinear, involving threshold effects and interactions that are difficult to capture with traditional linear statistical approaches. As genomic datasets continue to grow in size and complexity, there is a critical need for more flexible analytical frameworks capable of uncovering complex genotype–environment relationships, identifying adaptive genetic variation, and improving predictions of population responses to future environmental change.
This project will develop an integrated statistical and machine-learning framework to identify environmental drivers of genomic adaptation and predict vulnerability to future climate change. By combining generalized linear and additive models with quantum deep learning, the framework will capture complex linear and nonlinear relationships between environmental conditions and genomic variation. To accommodate hierarchical population structures and repeated observations, generalized linear mixed-effects and Bayesian hierarchical models will include random effects for population, region, and time. Quantum deep learning architectures, including quantum-classic neural networks, will be explored to model complex nonlinear interactions among environmental variables and genomic markers. In parallel, a generalized mixed-effects random forest will be developed to identify adaptive thresholds and latent interactions while accounting for correlated observations and population structure. By integrating statistical inference, machine learning, and Bayesian modeling, the proposed framework will provide more accurate identification of adaptive genomic variants, improved prediction of genomic vulnerability, and deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying climate adaptation across natural populations.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I have over 15 years of experience in statistical methods, Bayesian computation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, statistical quantum, and complex survey designs. My research spans biostatistics, intelligent medicine, manufacturing, statistical physics, and fisheries science. I have contributed to more than 35 peer-reviewed publications and have extensive experience mentoring students and leading interdisciplinary research in mathematics, statistics, and data science.
Student roles: The student will play a key role in developing and applying advanced statistical and machine learning techniques to genomic and environmental data. Responsibilities include managing and preprocessing data, applying generalized linear and additive models, Bayesian hierarchical models, mixed-effects methods, and machine-learning algorithms. The student will also conduct simulation studies and analyze large-scale genomic datasets. In addition, they will interpret results, prepare reports and manuscripts, present findings at scientific meetings, and collaborate with the research team. These activities will provide the student with interdisciplinary training in statistical genomics, artificial intelligence, and environmental data science.
Skills required: The student should have a background in statistics, mathematics, computer science, physics, electrical engineering, biology, or a related quantitative discipline. Basic understanding of statistical analysis, programming (in R or Python), and data science is preferred. While experience with genomics or environmental data is helpful, it is not mandatory. The project offers training in statistical genomics, Bayesian modeling, generalized mixed-effects models, machine learning, quantum deep learning, and high-performance computing. Motivated students with strong analytical and problem-solving abilities are encouraged to apply.
7. Advanced machine learning for analysis of Alzheimer's disease risk
Supervisor: Armin Hatefi
University: Memorial University of Newfoundland (St. John's campus)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Although large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genomic regions linked to AD risk, pinpointing the specific genetic variants responsible for disease development remains difficult. This difficulty largely stems from strong linkage disequilibrium, in which neighboring genetic markers are highly correlated, making it challenging to distinguish causal variants from nearby non-causal ones.
This project aims to develop an innovative Bayesian framework to improve identification of causal genetic variants and deepen our understanding of Alzheimer's disease progression. The central hypothesis is that a small number of key genetic variants influence hidden biological pathways involved in neuroinflammation, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, and neuronal degeneration. By explicitly modeling these mechanisms, we seek to uncover the genetic factors that drive disease risk and progression.
The proposed approach combines Bayesian Variable Selection Regression and Sum of Single Effects models with latent variable methods to identify causal variants and quantify uncertainty. We will incorporate functional genomic annotations and biological pathway information as informative priors to strengthen causal inference. To capture complex nonlinear relationships that conventional methods may miss, we will further develop a hybrid quantum-classical framework using Quantum Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks. This framework will integrate genomic, clinical, and biomarker data to model disease progression, age at onset, and time-to-dementia outcomes.
The methodology will be evaluated using publicly available Alzheimer's datasets, including IGAP and UK Biobank, with the goal of improving causal gene discovery, disease prediction, and biological understanding of Alzheimer's disease.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I have over 15 years of experience in statistical methods, Bayesian computation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, statistical quantum, and complex survey designs. My research spans biostatistics, intelligent medicine, manufacturing, statistical physics, and fisheries science. I have contributed to more than 35 peer-reviewed publications and have extensive experience mentoring students and leading interdisciplinary research in mathematics, statistics, and data science.
Student roles: The student will help develop and apply computational and statistical techniques for analyzing genomic data related to Alzheimer's disease. Responsibilities include programming in Python and R, data processing, exploratory analysis, implementing Bayesian variable selection models, and assessing model performance. The student will also assist in creating and testing hybrid quantum-classical machine learning methods, such as Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks, to model disease progression and intricate genomic patterns. Also, the student will attend research meetings, interpret results, generate visualizations, and aid in preparing scientific reports and presentations.
Skills required: Applicants are welcome from backgrounds in mathematics, statistics, Physics, and programming experience in Python, R, or similar scientific computing languages. Strong analytical and critical-thinking skills are essential. An interest in machine learning, artificial intelligence, data science, or computational modeling is desirable. Students should be motivated to learn ML and AI methods and apply mathematics and programming to solve challenging real-world problems in biomedical and genomic research.
8. Advanced-Time Epidemic Models for Anticipatory Public Health Planning
This project will develop advanced-time epidemic models for anticipatory public-health planning. Traditional epidemic models usually describe disease progression based on current and past infections. However, many real-world public-health decisions are forward-looking and depend on expected future epidemic conditions, such as projected hospital demand, ICU capacity, vaccination needs, or the timing of social interventions.
The student will study mathematical models in which epidemic states or intervention decisions explicitly depend on expected future outcomes. These advanced-time models will provide a formal framework for understanding how proactive decision-making can influence epidemic trajectories before critical thresholds are reached.
The project will involve formulating and analyzing future-dependent epidemic models, running simulations, examining stability and sensitivity, and comparing outcomes under reactive versus anticipatory intervention strategies. Potential applications include ICU capacity planning, vaccination scheduling, outbreak control, and assessment of cascading effects or systemic risks. The work will contribute to mathematical epidemiology and public-health decision support by providing tools to evaluate how forecast-informed actions may reduce disease burden and improve preparedness.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is community-oriented artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and data science for infectious disease prevention, preparedness, and response. I develop AI-enabled and mathematical modeling approaches to support public-health decision-making, with emphasis on epidemic dynamics, behavioral responses, vaccination strategies, climate and environmental drivers, and health equity. This research integrates epidemiological data, climate-informed modelling, and community-relevant analytics to address infectious disease challenges in Canada, Africa, and the Global South, while supporting resilient health systems and equitable outbreak response.
Student roles: The student will develop and analyze advanced-time epidemic models in which disease dynamics or intervention decisions depend on expected future outcomes. They will formulate systems of equations, conduct mathematical and computational analyses, run simulations, and compare reactive and anticipatory public-health strategies. The student will explore applications such as ICU capacity planning, vaccination scheduling, and early intervention design. They will prepare figures, interpret results, contribute to presentations and manuscript writing, and meet regularly with supervisors and interdisciplinary collaborators.
Skills required: The ideal student should have a background in mathematics, applied mathematics, mathematical epidemiology, public health, statistics, data science, computational biology, systems science, operations research, or a related field. Familiarity with differential equations, infectious disease modelling, numerical simulation, forecasting, stability analysis, and public-health decision-making is preferred. Experience with Python, R, MATLAB, Julia, or similar computational tools would be an asset. Strong mathematical reasoning, analytical, coding, writing, and communication skills are required.
9. Algorithms for Constrained Nonconvex Optimization and Nonconvex-Nonconcave Min-Max Optimization
Supervisor: Ahmet Alacaoglu
University: University of British Columbia (Vancouver campus)
This project concerns nonconvex optimization problems where the constraints are complicated, in the sense that they are not easy to project. For example, these may include constrained defined by functional equality or inequalities. As a result, one cannot merely incorporate a projection step in their unconstrained optimization algorithm, to extend it to solve a constrained problem.
The class of problems we focus on includes, but is not limited to, problems with nonconvex and/or stochastic functional constraints where, most of the time, we never access the full information about the constraints. Such problems arise for example while training neural networks with constraints on the output, enforcing particular notions of safety, robustness, etc. These problems are converted to min-max problems which lack convexity, which is another fundamental template (including nonconvex-concave or hidden convex problems, or nonconvex-nonconcave problems with weak Minty type solutions). Under stochastic oracle access, this template is also wide enough to cover problems coming from robust and adversarial machine learning.
For these problems, the first goal of the project is the implementation of the new algorithms designed by the PI and the rest of the community. The second goal is to use the lessons learned from the empirical study to design better algorithms. The algorithms we work on will be based on ideas coming from augmented Lagrangian, operator splitting and stochastic gradient methods.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My area is continuous optimization. In particular, I focus on optimization algorithms, including their design, convergence/complexity analysis and efficient implementation, for solving problems arising in machine learning and data science. My research uses theoretical tools from convex analysis, monotone operator theory, applied probability and theoretical computer science. Moreover, my interests also concern efficient implementation of optimization algorithms in modern large scale computing platforms.
Student roles: The student will be responsible for reading research papers, which will be mathematical and computational, that contain the algorithms that we will study and then implement them in the appropriate computational platform (such as Julia or Python). This will involve many meetings between the PI and the student for trouble-shooting and debugging as well as studying algorithms and analyses from papers. During this process, there will be regular meetings between the PI and the student. The student will be a part of the research group of PI which involves multiple graduate students, with potential collaboration opportunities. The student will show their progress to the PI and to the group via presentations and written reports.
Skills required: The student is required to have mathematical maturity to be able to read and understand highly mathematical papers that develop optimization algorithms and their convergence analysis. Particularly, the PI expects proficiency with optimization theory, machine learning, linear algebra, probability and real analysis. The main goal of the project is computational: as a result, the student is expected to be proficient with programming languages and environments including Julia, Python, C/C++, PyTorch.
10. Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves in Special Families
Consider the Legendre family of elliptic curves given by Ea: y^2 = x(x-1)(x-a) where a is a real number.
The broad goal of this project is to study the arithmetic of this family of elliptic curves, formulate conjectures in special families, and to prove them. Often special families of elliptic curves show behaviour which is distinct from the generic behaviour, so it is a meaningful direction of investigation. Often, theorems can be proven more easily in special families due to additional geometric structure.
Some possible questions/directions include:
1. Perform computer experiments to investigate the proportion of those with rank 0 vs 1 vs >1.
2. Compute the root number and study its distribution. Is there a bias in root numbers in the family of Legendre curves?
3. Study whether there are explicit infinite families with positive rank or rank >1. This connects to traditional Diophantine methods.
4. Compute the trace of the Frobenius and study their averages over primes. Experimentally verify Nagao’s conjecture in the Legendre family and explore if it is possible to estimate rank from data.
5. Fix a prime p and vary a. Study the supersingular vs ordinary behaviour and/or the distribution of the trace of Frobenius.
In recent months there is increased use of machine learning and AI in pure mathematics. In particular, there is increased interest in using ML to predict ranks of elliptic curves which is a genuinely difficult question. Should the student be interested, they will be encouraged to pursue these directions, as well.
If time permits, they will be encouraged to consider other special families of elliptic curves.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am broadly interested in the arithmetic of elliptic curves.
Many questions I study lie at the intersection of Iwasawa theory and arithmetic statistics. Iwasawa theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic objects, such as ideal class groups or Selmer groups of elliptic curves, in infinite towers of number fields. A long-term goal is to understand the average behaviour of the Iwasawa invariants in appropriate families. I am also interested in questions pertaining to Iwasawa theory of graphs.
I also think about questions related to Diophantine stability and Hilbert’s 10th Problem.
Student roles: The student will spend some time learning the background material before pursuing independent and original research in this area; this will include reading textbooks and research-level published articles. Aside from discussing with me, they will have an opportunity to also interact and discuss mathematics with my graduate students.
The student will perform many computer experiments to obtain data. Based on this, they will formulate precise conjectures. They will try to prove some of the conjectures they formulate. Along the way, I will provide regular guidance.
They will write a written report of their findings, and if they make enough progress I will provide guidance and support to try and publish the results.
Skills required: 1. It would benefit the student if they have some background in algebraic (and analytic) number theory. Knowledge of the theory of elliptic curves is not required, but useful. 2. If the student is somewhat comfortable using Python, C, C++, or SAGE/ PARI/GAP/MAGMA that would be advantageous 3. Most important is to come with an open mind.
11. Automated Deductions in Algebra
Supervisor: Yang Zhang
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
Otter is an automated theorem prover developed by William McCune (1953 -2011) at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois. Otter was the first widely distributed, high-performance theorem prover for first-order logic. From July 2006, Otter was changed to Prover9. Recently, people have successfully applied Prover9 to prove many well-known theorems and explored many new theorems in some algebraic structures such as (semi-) groups and (semi-) rings. Our research focus on the relations between commutativity theorems and equation identities.
In ring theory, after Jacobson proved the famous commutative theorem: x^n = x for all x in a ring R implies that R is a commutative ring, many papers have been published in this direction and many interesting equation identities were found. In general, there are three types of commutativity theorems: (1) polynomial identity conditions (2) rings with derivations (3) rings with involutions.
One of the difficulties lies in the fact that the term x^n cannot be expressed in the syntax of first-order logic when n is an integer variable. We employ a new concept of power-like functions by extracting relevant equational properties valid for all power functions and implement these equational rules in Prover9, and show how one can avoid having to reason explicitly with integer exponents. Implementing these new equational properties of power maps, we show how a theorem-prover can be a handy tool for quickly proving or confirming the truth of such theorems. Some of our results have been published in Journal of Automated Reasoning, Lecture Notes in Computer Science and Semi-group Forum.
In this project, we plan to continue using this power-like functions to prove/explore some theorems in matrices/tensors over special (semi-)rings. In particular, we plan to prove some matrix/tensor identities over quaternions including some generalized inverses.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Computer algebra is a relatively recent area in computer science and mathematics, though its roots go back at least forty years. Whereas numerical computations are well-established to be efficient in many cases, computer algebra strives to address the different and arguably more difficult problem of providing exact solutions, or solutions parameterized by variables in the input. There has been an enormous amount of applications in computer science, mathematics, as well as in engineering and education. My research focus on efficient algorithms in matrix, tensor and polynomial computations, Groebner bases, automated theorem prover, and their applications.
Student roles: In the first three weeks, students will learn the basic programming skill of Prover9 and study some related research papers. After that, students will help me to implement and design algorithms, analysis the output data, and write up the results as human proofs. Students will work with my current research term members including graduate students and undergraduate summer research students. Learning the design and implementation of algorithms will provide high quality training for the students.
Skills required: Students have already taken some advanced algebra courses. Computer programming skill is preferred but not required.
12. Benchmarking Adaptive Gradient Methods for Physics-Informed Neural Network Solvers Across Multiple PDE Systems
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are deep learning models that solve differential equations by embedding the governing physics directly into the training loss. A well-known challenge in training PINNs is that the gradient signals from the data-fitting objective and the physics-enforcement objective can conflict, causing training to stall even when both losses remain high. Our lab has developed an adaptive gradient method that detects and manages this conflict, but the method has so far only been tested on a single epidemiological system. This project asks a fundamental question: does the method generalize beyond that equation? The intern will implement our adaptive training method on three to four well-studied PDE benchmark problems drawn from fluid dynamics (Burgers equation), phase-field modelling (Allen-Cahn equation), quantum mechanics (Schrödinger equation), and incompressible flow (Navier-Stokes). For each system, the intern will compare convergence speed, final accuracy, and training stability against standard baselines including fixed-weight training and learning rate annealing. All experiments will be run in Python using PyTorch on the lab's GPU workstation. The deliverables include a clean codebase with reproducible experiments, publication-ready comparison tables and figures, and a draft results section. The intern will work closely with the PhD student leading this research line and will meet weekly with the supervising faculty. If the results are strong, the intern will be offered co-authorship on the resulting journal submission that extends our initial single-system study into a multi-system evaluation. No prior knowledge of the specific equations is required; we will provide the mathematical background during the first two weeks. This is an excellent opportunity for an undergraduate interested in scientific computing, deep learning, or applied mathematics to contribute to a publication-grade research project.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Our lab works at the intersection of mathematical epidemiology, scientific machine learning, and numerical analysis. We develop physics-informed neural networks for solving differential equations arising in disease modelling and other scientific applications. A central focus is on training methods that improve the reliability and convergence of these networks when the data and physics objectives conflict. We have recently proposed an adaptive gradient method that detects and manages such conflict during training, and we are currently extending this work to establish its broader applicability across classical partial differential equation systems drawn from physics and engineering.
Student roles: The intern will join the DIMMS Lab as a research contributor and will work on a focused, self-contained extension of our ongoing research programme. The role is primarily computational, with clearly defined weekly milestones scoped for a twelve-week internship. During the first two weeks, the intern will onboard by reading our published paper on the adaptive gradient method, reviewing the existing codebase, and learning the basics of PINN training through short tutorial notebooks we will provide. By the end of week two, the intern should be able to reproduce our original epidemiological experiment independently. From weeks three to nine, the intern will implement the method on the selected PDE benchmarks, one at a time. For each benchmark, the intern will set up the neural network architecture, define the loss functions, integrate our adaptive gradient method, run training experiments across multiple random seeds, and produce comparison plots against baseline methods. The intern will meet weekly with the supervising faculty and the PhD student to review progress and discuss challenges. During weeks ten to twelve, the intern will consolidate all benchmark results into a single coherent analysis, produce publication-quality figures and tables, and write a draft results section summarizing the findings. The intern will present their work to the DIMMS Lab in a final seminar. Throughout the internship, the intern will be expected to work independently on coding tasks, document their experiments in version-controlled notebooks, and communicate results clearly. We will provide all computing resources, the supervising team's guidance, and access to the lab's GPU workstation. The intern will be treated as a full member of the research team and is encouraged to contribute ideas and suggest methodological improvements.
Skills required: Undergraduate standing in Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, or Engineering (third or fourth year preferred). Strong programming skills in Python are required, along with familiarity with PyTorch or a similar deep learning framework. The student should have completed coursework in ordinary or partial differential equations and basic linear algebra including vector operations, norms, and inner products. Previous exposure to neural networks or machine learning through coursework is an asset but not required. We particularly welcome students comfortable working independently on computational experiments and documenting their results carefully.
Let $S$ be a set of unit vectors in $\RR^n$ (resp. $\CC^n$) and $0\le\alpha<1$, $0\le \beta<1$ be two distinct real numbers.
$S$ is called a \emph{$(\alpha,\beta)$-biangular} set if $\vert\langle u,v\rangle\vert$ belongs to $\{\alpha,\beta\}$ for
every $u,v\in S$, where $\langle u,v\rangle$ denotes the Euclidean inner product of the two vectors.
Two matrices of order $n$ are called \emph{$(\alpha,\beta)$-unbiased} if the collection of their normalized row vectors forms an
$(\alpha,\beta)$-biangular set in $\RR^n$ or $\CC^n$. A set of matrices is called \emph{mutually $(\alpha,\beta)$-unbiased} if every pair of matrices in the set are $(\alpha,\beta)$-unbiased.
A \emph{Hadamard} matrix is a square $\pm1$-matrix with mutually orthogonal rows. If it also has constant row (or column) sum then it is said to be \emph{regular}. If the entries of the matrix are complex numbers of absolute value one, then it is called a {\emph unit Hadamard} matrix.
\emph{Mutually Unbiased Hadamard matrices} (MUH) form a special subset of unbiased biangular matrices. They are
Hadamard matrices of order $n$ such that the absolute value of the inner product of normalized rows of distinct matrices
are all equal $(1/\sqrt{n})$.
Mutually unbiased Hadamard matrices, leading to Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUB) are of much interest in quantum information theory, coding theory, graph theory and are being studied extensively.
Some of the recent applications include some of the best lower bounds known for the constant weight codes, new classes of association schemes and new classes of regular graphs (arising from regular Hadamard matrices) which has significant applications in computer networking and quantum information theory.
The research involved, in addition to some theoretical knowledge, requires skill in computer programming and the running of a large network of computers.
The work starts with a short period of preparation and then problem-solving.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I work with combinatorial objects such as symmetric designs, Hadamard designs, strongly regular graphs, association schemes, quantum information theory, with a concentration on computational methods.
Student roles: The work starts with a short period of preparation and then problem-solving. The problems posed starts with practice on some known results leading to some open problems. Students are required to help with finding appropriate solutions, writing and executing computer programs such as Python, C or C++.
Skills required: The research involved, in addition to some (basic) theoretical knowledge, requires skill in computer programming and the running of a large network of computers.
14. Computational Algebraic Combinatorics, AI-Assisted Discovery, and High-Performance Computing
Supervisor: Jean-Philippe Labbé
University: École de Technologie Supérieure (Montréal campus)
This project lies at the intersection of computational mathematics, combinatorics, discrete geometry, artificial intelligence, and high-performance computing. The student will contribute to the development of new mathematical software within the open-source SageMath ecosystem, one of the world's leading platforms for computational research in mathematics.
The primary objective is to implement and optimize algorithms for *exterior shifting* and *symmetric shifting*, two powerful algebraic-combinatorial transformations that reveal hidden structural properties of graphs and simplicial complexes. These techniques play an important role in extremal combinatorics, topology, and discrete geometry, yet their large-scale computational exploration remains largely uncharted.
Once implemented, the student will use these new tools to investigate extensive families of graphs and combinatorial structures, generating large datasets and searching for previously unknown patterns, conjectures, and invariants. The project offers a unique opportunity to combine rigorous mathematics with experimental exploration, allowing computational evidence to guide theoretical insight.
A particularly innovative aspect of the project is the integration of modern AI agents into the mathematical discovery process. Students will explore how large language models and autonomous research agents can assist in identifying regularities, proposing conjectures, designing experiments, and interpreting computational results. This emerging paradigm represents a new frontier in mathematical research.
To enable experiments at unprecedented scale, computations will be deployed on advanced supercomputing infrastructure. Students will gain hands-on experience with parallel computing, large-scale data analysis, workflow automation, and scientific software development in a research environment.
The project is ideal for students interested in combinatorics, graph theory, discrete geometry, computational algebra, artificial intelligence, or scientific computing. Participants will develop highly transferable skills in programming, mathematical modeling, data-driven discovery, and high-performance computing while contributing to open-source tools that will benefit the international mathematical community.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialty involves combining combinatorial, geometric, and computational approaches to study the properties of algebraic and topological structures. In particular, my research combines abstract modeling and experimental approaches to address open problems related to Coxeter groups, polytopes (in particular permutahedra, associahedra, and their applications in quantum physics), triangulations, and simplicial complexes.
Student roles: The student will actively participate in all stages of the research project, from software development to the analysis of mathematical results. An initial responsibility will be to study the theory underlying exterior shifting and symmetric shifting, and then to contribute to their implementation in SageMath by developing, testing, and documenting high-quality code intended for integration into a software platform used by the international scientific community.
Once the tools are implemented, the student will conduct computational experiments on large families of graphs and simplicial complexes. This will include designing experimental protocols, generating data, automating large-scale computations, and analyzing the results to identify patterns, counterexamples, or new avenues of research.
The project will also include an innovative component related to the use of artificial intelligence. The student will explore how AI agents can assist mathematical research by helping to design experiments, analyze data, detect recurring patterns, and formulate conjectures that can then be validated mathematically or experimentally.
Some of the calculations will be performed on high-performance computing infrastructure. The student will learn how to prepare and submit jobs on supercomputers, manage large-scale computational experiments, and optimize the performance of the programs developed.
Throughout the internship, the student will participate in research meetings, present their progress, contribute to the drafting of technical documentation, and take part in scientific discussions regarding the project’s results. This experience will offer a complete immersion in modern research in computational mathematics, combinatorics, and data science.
Skills required: The candidate should have a strong undergraduate background in mathematics, computer science, or a related field. A basic knowledge of combinatorics, graph theory, or algebra is desirable. Experience with Python programming is required; familiarity with SageMath, Linux, or scientific computing environments is an asset. The project requires strong analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as a curiosity for research. An interest in artificial intelligence, open-source software, and high-performance computing will be particularly appreciated.
15. Computational Optimal Modelling of Mathematical Models for Infectious Diseases
Supervisor: Hongbin Guo
University: University of Ottawa
Location: Ottawa, Ontario
Start date: 2027-05-03 (flexible)
Disciplines: Mathematics, Public Health, Medical Sciences, Statistics
Infectious disease outbreak and wide spread are always one of the most challenging public health crisis faced by all levels of governments and international organizations. The 2020 global pandemic of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads everywhere, which caused the whole global stops to combat the virus. Scientists and researchers worldwide are working hard to find best solutions to reduce quick spread and personal mortality. How to control and mitigate the impact of disease caused on affected country’s public health and economic growth is a complicated question entangled with many factors.
Mathematical modelling is widely used recently to describe the broad-scale spread of infectious diseases, and is very useful to provide best designed control measures specific to different diseases. From acute disease such as influenza to chronic infectious disease such as tuberculosis and HIV, the real challenge lies in several aspects of the mathematical modelling process. Various transmission patterns, different incubation periods and transmission periods, variable age structure for different patient groups will lead to complex structured mathematical models.
Building detailed mathematical models specific to one disease is an enjoyable process to refresh knowledge from public health/epidemiology, mathematical modelling, numerical simulation, data analysis, etc. Mathematical analysis is essential to investigate the disease dynamics while the complete analysis is always challenging. Computational study is an alternative realization for model analysis, combined with data assimilation. One-order partial differential equations (PDEs) are typical mathematical models for age-structured, multi-staged disease transmission and infection progression. The model analysis and its numerical simulation attract more attention in interdisciplinary areas of applied mathematics, epidemiology and public health.
Designed control is preferred for realistic consideration for policy decision. Optimization theory is the right tool to utilize to realize the ideal scenarios for better disease control and prevention.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Applied mathematics, optimization, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, dynamical system, computational method;
Mathematical modelling, infectious diseases epidemiology, statistical methods for curve fitting, data analysis, health economics .
Student roles: Student will be guided to build specific models from starch (4 weeks); to use data collection and statistical software to estimate parameter values and model validation (3 weeks); model output explanation and paper wrap-up (4 weeks); oral report within research group (1 week).
Students have freedom to discuss with supervisor on-site during their 12-week stay from the beginning to the end. After the intern, the well-done research work can be published as co-author in peer-reviewed journals as an evidence of success.
Skills required: Familiar with the basic theory and numerical simulations to ordinary differential equation and partial differential equation; basic knowledge of optimization theory and its applications; basic statistical knowledge and skills to deal with data analysis; to use numerical software such as Matlab, Maple, R, Python etc. Interests on infectious disease modelling and prediction.
Optimal transport is a mathematical framework for comparing, interpolating, and moving probability distributions. It is now used in many areas, including machine learning, image processing, statistics, data geometry, and numerical modeling.
The goal of this internship will be to study and implement several numerical methods for optimal transport, with a particular focus on settings in dimension greater than 2, where classical approaches quickly become computationally expensive. The intern will first become familiar with the fundamental concepts of optimal transport, then explore several computational approaches suitable for higher-dimensional problems, such as entropic regularization and the Sinkhorn algorithm, projection-based methods, discrete formulations, and approximate or stochastic approaches.
A significant part of the work will involve programming these methods, comparing them experimentally, and analyzing their performance in terms of accuracy, stability, and computational cost. The internship will also focus on the computation of Wasserstein barycenters, which define a geometric mean between several distributions, with possible applications to the interpolation of shapes, measures, or data.
This internship is intended for a student with an interest in applied mathematics and scientific computing, as well as programming experience.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: As described on my page https://freakonometrics.github.io/, the themes addressed in the work of students under my supervision are primarily focused on understanding and modeling risks, and actuarial models (or predictive models, more generally). Applications range from modeling climate risks to analyzing discrimination and fairness. The models are primarily mathematical and require a solid foundation in mathematics, statistics, game theory, probability, or quantitative economics.
Student roles: The student will have the option to: (1) conduct a scientific literature review on a specific field (2) work on a theoretical paper related to those issues
Skills required: As mentioned previously, the student will need to have a strong foundation in mathematics, statistics, game theory, probability, programming, or quantitative economics. The direction of the topic will be tailored to take into account the student's strengths. The student must be able to read scientific literature in English.
17. Computer Algebra and its Applications
Supervisor: Yang Zhang
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
We plan to work on efficient computing algorithms for matrices/tensors and polynomials over generalized quaternions. Tensor is a natural generalization of matrices to multidimensional cases. The generalized quaternion number systems are some extensions of the complex number system. All of them are not only active research areas in mathematics but also have many applications in other areas such as control theory, data science and signal processing.
The literature on the theory and application of the generalized inverses of matrices and tensors, such as Moore-Penrose inverses, Drazin inverses and group inverses, is vast and spans several fields, for example, solving matrix/tensor equations, the invariance of important statistical results to the choice of generalized inverses and computing singular value decompositions. We have developed several algorithms to compute some generalized inverses and SVDs of matrices/tensors over quaternions, and apply them to solve some kinds of matrix/tensor equations and color video compression. The corresponding Maple packages were also developed.
Our primary goal is to adapt successful algorithms for computing generalized inverses of matrices and tensors over the complex number field to generalized quaternions by using symbolic computation methods. Many obstacles must be overcome in theory and implementation such as complicated formulas of quasi-determinants. Modular methods (fraction-free algorithms) will control coefficient growth, and quasi-determinants should provide the necessary tool for giving effective a priori bounds on the intermediate and output expressions, which are necessary both for implementation and complexity analysis. Our recent work shows that the interpolation theory for non-commutative rings will provide a fast way for computing Moore-Penrose inverses. Our goal is to develop efficient algorithms for computing more generalized inverses, LU decompositions and SVDs of matrices and tensors over generalized quaternions. The parallel algorithm approaches will be also explored.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Computer algebra is a relatively recent area in computer science and mathematics, though its roots go back at least forty years ago. Whereas numerical computations are well-established to be efficient in many cases, computer algebra strives to address the different and arguably more difficult problems of providing exact solutions, or solutions parameterized by variables in the input. There has been an enormous amount of applications in computer science, mathematics, as well as in engineering and education. My research focus on efficient algorithms in matrix/tensor and polynomial computations, Groebner bases, automated theorem proving, and their applications.
Student roles: In my research work, there are a lot of algorithms which have to be implemented in the computer algebra software Maple. I need to use these algorithms to compute and test some hypothesis, show the efficiency of the algorithms and also use them to compare my results with others. During the first three weeks, students will learn some Maple programming skill and necessary mathematical background related to my project. After that, students will start to design/implement/test algorithms, and analysis results. They will work with my current research team including graduate students and undergraduate summer research students. Learning the design and implementation of algorithms will provide high quality training for the students.
Skills required: Students have already taken some advanced algebra courses. Computer programming skill is preferred but not required.
Randomness is a basic resource in quantum science. In particular, some quantum information tasks require states or operations that behave like they are sampled from a Haar distribution. Unfortunately, sampling true Haar-random unitaries can be prohibitively expensive. Recent work on pseudorandom quantum scramblers proposes a more efficient alternative: use structured products of simple random rotations, related to Kac’s walk, to produce states that look random to any efficient observer (see e.g. Lu et al 2024).
This project will investigate whether these scramblers can be analyzed and improved using a weaker, computation-focused notion of mixing. The starting point is an analogy with my recent work on the transvection walk. The transvection walk is a random walk on matrices generated by simple elementary operations, such as adding one row or column to another. In our recent work, we show that the full matrix takes a relatively long time to become uniformly random, but that the matrix becomes computationally indistinguishable from random after a much shorter period of time. We call the difference between these two running times the mixing/computation gap.
The first step is to try establish a similar gap for Kac's walk, the random walk used in Lu et al. We may also aim to show similar gaps for closely related constructions. If successful, we could then propagate these estimates through essentially the same analysis as was in the original paper, obtaining substantially sharper bounds.
Possible student contributions include understanding how to establish mixing/computation gaps, comparing these bounds with existing pseudorandom-scrambler analyses, and testing whether similar arguments apply to other cheap matrix-multiplication constructions.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My main research interests involve applications of probability to physics and computational methods. Some of the specific techniques and definitions that show up in my work include the mixing times of Markov chains, Monte Carlo methods in computation, random matrices, and dimension reduction. Some recent projects include using mixing time estimates to prove effectiveness of a cryptographic scheme, designing new Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for dimension reduction, and purely statistical work on estimation of optimal rankings and orderings.
Student roles: The student will spend a substantial amount of the project getting "up to speed" on the work. They will then either work to type up the details of the planned proof, or work on associated numerical methods. Ideally the student will be able to contribute their own ideas (especially students with background in algebra that complements my own background), but we will have work to do even if inspiration does not strike.
Skills required: For the main project, the students require a strong background in mathematics, including linear algebra and either probability/analysis or representation theory (depending on which types of estimates they will work on).
For the applications, a background in mathematics or an interest in developing highly efficient numerical methods packages would be welcome.
19. Construction of sequential split-plot designs with high estimation efficiency
Supervisor: Po Yang
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
Split-plot experiments save experimenters’ time and/or money. Thus, almost all industrial experiments are split-plot experiments. Response surface methodology investigates the effects of several explanatory variables (or factors) on one or more response variables. The purpose of response surface methodology is to use designed experiments to obtain an optimal response. Optimal split-plot designs for response surface experiments have been studied using various optimality criteria. I have constructed optimal split-plot designs based on different optimality criteria. D- and A-optimality criteria are widely used to select designs that provide high estimation efficiency.
Sequential designs arise when a design cannot estimate all the factors or effects so that more experiments may be needed. Sequential designs have been in the literature for many years. I have developed optimal sequential designs for traditional experimental designs. However, literature on the topic of sequential split-plot designs for response surface methodology is rather sparse in the literature.
In the summer of 2027, I am going to work on sequential split-plot designs. The theory, methodology and algorithm for constructing optimal sequential designs will be developed. Optimal designs will be constructed and compared according to different situations: different initial design size, follow-up run size, and different number of center points added to the initial design. I fully expect to obtain optimal designs that save time and cost and provide high estimation efficiency. The results will provide guidance for experimenters to select optimal sequential split-plot designs.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Experimental design is the process of planning studies and investigating efficient methods for collecting data for scientific investigation and is commonly used in industrial, agricultural, biological, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing sciences, etc. The objective of an optimal experimental design is to provide interpretable and accurate inference at minimal costs. My primary research interests concern optimization problems in fractional factorial designs, sequential designs, split-plot designs, block designs, and response surface designs, etc. I develop new design theory, methodology, Bayesian approach, and computational algorithms that can be used to obtain optimal experimental designs.
Student roles: In my research work, a lot of problems involve the developments of computer programs that are used to search for optimal designs. I also need to compare my results with others. Learning and developing computer programs will provide high quality training for the students. During the first three weeks, students will learn some basic programming skill and necessary theoretical background related to my project. After that, students will start to work on the computer programs and analysis results. They will work with my current research team including PhD and MSc students, as well as possible one or two undergraduate summer research students.
Skills required: Students have taken some basic mathematics and statistics courses. Experience of using statistical software, such as R, is preferred but not required.
20. Data-Driven Early Warning of Dengue Transmission Risk in Southern China: Integrating Public Data, Risk Modelling, and Visualization
Supervisor: Seyed Moghadas
University: York University (Toronto campus)
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Start date: 2027-05-03 (flexible)
Disciplines: Mathematics, Health Studies, Public Health, Statistics
Dengue, a mosquito-borne disease, is a major public health concern, driven by climate change, urbanization, population mobility, vector suitability, and international travel. Southern China, particularly Guangdong Province, provides an important setting for studying dengue transmission risk due to its repeated dengue activity, strong connectivity with dengue-endemic regions, and substantial heterogeneity in climate, urbanization, mobility, and public health capacity.
This project forms part of a broader research program on importation-driven arboviral disease risk and data-driven public health early warning systems. The Mitacs GRI will serve as a focused 12-week pilot project. The goal is to establish a feasible and reproducible analytical workflow using publicly available data. The project aims to develop a city-week-level framework for assessing dengue transmission risk in Southern China. Activities will include reviewing international literature on dengue early warning approaches; collecting publicly available dengue, meteorological, demographic, and mobility-related datasets; constructing interpretable indicators such as lagged climate variables and importation-pressure measures; and conducting preliminary statistical or transmission-informed modelling.
Using R or Python or Julia, the project will integrate data cleaning, exploratory analysis, visualization, and preliminary risk modelling. Potential analytical approaches may include logistic regression, Poisson or negative binomial regression, and distributed-lag models. Emphasis will be placed on interpretability, reproducibility, and public health relevance. The project will also generate visual outputs to support surveillance interpretation and provide a foundation for future collaborative research on arboviral disease risk assessment and early warning systems.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: This research is situated at the intersection of infectious disease epidemiology, public health data science, and environmental health analytics. The broader program focuses on data-driven early warning systems for vector-borne diseases, particularly dengue and other arboviral infections influenced by climate variability, urbanization, human mobility, and international travel. The work integrates epidemiological data, environmental indicators, statistical modelling, and visualization to assess transmission risk and support public health preparedness. A major emphasis is on importation-driven transmission dynamics, ecological receptivity, and the development of interpretable and reproducible analytical frameworks that can inform surveillance and decision-making.
Student roles: The student will contribute to the development of a pilot analytical workflow for assessing dengue transmission risk in Southern China using publicly available data. Under supervision of Professor Seyed Moghadas, the student will participate in literature synthesis, data collection, exploratory analysis, visualization, and preliminary modelling activities.
During the first phase of the internship, the student will conduct a focused review of dengue early warning studies and summarize commonly used predictors, modelling approaches, and validation strategies. The student will then identify, collect, and organize publicly available datasets related to dengue incidence, meteorological conditions, demographic characteristics, mobility indicators, and urban contextual factors.
The student will assist with data cleaning, integration, and construction of city-week-level analytical datasets using R or Python or Julia. Additional responsibilities will include generating descriptive analyses and visualizations to characterize temporal trends, seasonal patterns, and spatial heterogeneity in dengue risk. The student will also support the development and evaluation of preliminary statistical or transmission-informed models, including regression-based and distributed-lag approaches.
The student will also contribute to interpretation of findings, sensitivity analyses, and preparation of reproducible analytical scripts and visual outputs. At the end of the internship, the student will help prepare a concise research report and presentation summarizing methods, findings, limitations, and future directions. The internship is designed to provide hands-on experience in infectious disease data science, epidemiological analysis, reproducible research workflows, and public health risk assessment within a collaborative international research environment involving York University and Fudan University.
Skills required: The project is suitable for an undergraduate student with interests in public health, epidemiology, infectious disease modelling, statistics, data science, environmental health, or related fields. Experience with R or Python or Julia is desirable, particularly for data cleaning, visualization, or statistical analysis. Familiarity with epidemiological concepts, modelling, simulations, regression analysis, geospatial data, and reproducible research workflows would be beneficial. Strong analytical thinking, organization, and willingness to work with multidisciplinary datasets are important. The project will provide mentorship and training throughout the internship.
21. De la larve à l’adulte : modélisation mathématique de la dynamique du crabe des neiges
Le crabe des neiges (Chionoecetes opilio) est une espèce sténotherme particulièrement sensible aux variations de température. Dans le contexte du changement climatique, la modification des conditions thermiques des écosystèmes marins pourrait avoir des impacts importants sur sa dynamique de population, sa survie et sa distribution. Comprendre ces effets est essentiel pour la gestion durable de cette ressource halieutique.
Un modèle discret de dynamique de population a déjà été développé pour cette espèce, et des travaux récents s’orientent vers des formulations continues à l’aide de systèmes d’équations différentielles. Toutefois, ces approches simplifient généralement la structure biologique du cycle de vie en négligeant explicitement la phase larvaire. En effet, le résultat du développement larvaire est souvent agrégé et directement intégré dans le compartiment des individus immatures, ce qui limite la capacité du modèle à représenter finement les effets environnementaux sur les premiers stades de vie.
L’objectif de ce projet est de développer un modèle mathématique continu qui intègre explicitement la phase larvaire dans le système d’équations différentielles. Cette extension permettra de représenter plus fidèlement la structure du cycle de vie du crabe des neiges et de mieux capturer l’influence des conditions environnementales sur les transitions entre stades.
L’introduction de cette dynamique larvaire conduit naturellement à un système d’équations différentielles de type lent-rapide, en raison des différences importantes de temps caractérisant le développement des larves par rapport aux stades immatures et matures. L’analyse de ce type de système permettra d’étudier les effets de la séparation des échelles de temps sur la stabilité, la persistance et la dynamique globale de la population.
Ce projet vise ainsi à améliorer la compréhension mathématique et écologique des effets du changement climatique sur une espèce clé des écosystèmes marins, tout en développant des outils de modélisation pertinents pour d’autres systèmes biologiques structurés en stades et leur analyse numérique.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Mes recherches portent sur la modélisation mathématique et le développement de méthodes numériques pour l'analyse de systèmes non linéaires complexes. Mes domaines d'expertise comprennent l'analyse numérique, la méthode des éléments finis, la continuation numérique et la théorie des bifurcations. J'étudie en particulier les problèmes de mécanique des matériaux en grandes déformations ainsi que les modèles de dynamique des populations. Mes travaux combinent modélisation, analyse mathématique et calcul scientifique afin de concevoir des outils prédictifs robustes pour l'étude de phénomènes physiques et biologiques.
Student roles: L’étudiant participera au développement et à l’analyse d’un modèle mathématique continu de dynamique de population pour le crabe des neiges, en intégrant explicitement la phase larvaire dans un système d’équations différentielles. Son rôle consistera d’abord à effectuer une revue de littérature ciblée sur les modèles structurés en stades et sur les approches existantes en dynamique des populations pour cette espèce ou des systèmes similaires. Par la suite, l’étudiant contribuera à la formulation mathématique du modèle, en définissant les équations décrivant les transitions entre les stades larvaires, immatures et matures, ainsi que les paramètres biologiques associés. Il participera à l’identification des hypothèses de modélisation et à la structuration du système dynamique en tenant compte des processus de croissance, de mortalité et de maturation. L’étudiant sera également impliqué dans l’analyse qualitative du système (points d'équilibre, stabilité). Une attention particulière sera portée à l’identification de structures de type lent-rapide induites par les différences d’échelles de temps entre les stades biologiques. En parallèle, il développera des outils de simulation numérique afin d’explorer le comportement du modèle sous différentes conditions environnementales. Cela inclura l’implémentation de méthodes numériques appropriées (par exemple en MATLAB), ainsi que l’analyse des résultats obtenus. L’étudiant bénéficiera d’un encadrement étroit tout au long du projet, avec des rencontres régulières permettant un suivi continu de l’avancement, des discussions scientifiques approfondies et des ajustements méthodologiques au besoin. Ce suivi rapproché favorisera son apprentissage progressif et son autonomie en recherche. Finalement, l’étudiant participera à l’interprétation biologique des résultats et à la communication scientifique des conclusions, sous forme de rapports techniques ou de présentations. Ce rôle lui permettra d’acquérir une expérience intégrée en modélisation mathématique, analyse des systèmes dynamiques et calcul scientifique appliqué à un problème biologique concret.
Skills required: Un étudiant de niveau baccalauréat ayant une bonne formation en mathématiques appliquées, notamment en équations différentielles, calcul scientifique et modélisation mathématique, est recherché pour ce projet. Des notions de base en analyse numérique et en programmation scientifique (MATLAB ou équivalent) sont souhaitées, sans être obligatoires à un niveau avancé. L’étudiant doit démontrer de la curiosité pour les applications des mathématiques en biologie et en dynamique des populations, ainsi qu’une capacité à comprendre et manipuler des modèles mathématiques. Un intérêt pour les systèmes dynamiques et la simulation numérique constituera un atout important pour ce projet de recherche interdisciplinaire.
22. Designing Better Pharmaceutical Procurement Systems: Balancing Cost and Reliable Access to Medicines
Supervisor: Soodabeh Asadi Dezaki
University: University of Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown campus)
Access to essential medicines remains a major challenge in many parts of the world. To reduce costs and improve efficiency, governments and healthcare organizations often combine their purchasing power through centralized or pooled procurement systems. While these systems can lower drug prices, they do not always improve access. In some cases, lower prices may discourage supplier participation, reduce investment, or contribute to shortages and delivery delays.
This project investigates how procurement systems can be designed to balance affordability with reliable access to medicines. The goal is to better understand how procurement rules influence supplier decisions, market participation, pricing, and delivery performance.
The research will use mathematical modeling, game theory, optimization, and simulation to study interactions between procurement organizations and pharmaceutical suppliers. Different procurement policies and market environments will be examined to understand how they affect both costs and supply reliability.
Students will explore how incentives influence decision-making and how analytical models can help evaluate alternative procurement strategies. The project combines real-world healthcare challenges with mathematical and computational techniques commonly used in operations research and industrial engineering.
The findings may provide insights that help policymakers and healthcare organizations design procurement systems that achieve cost savings while maintaining reliable access to essential medicines. Students participating in this project will gain valuable experience applying quantitative methods to an important and socially relevant problem.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on operations research, optimization, game theory, and healthcare systems. I develop mathematical and computational models to study decision-making problems involving pricing, procurement, competition, and resource allocation. My work examines how institutional rules and incentives influence the behavior of organizations and market participants. By combining analytical modeling, optimization, simulation, and quantitative analysis, I aim to generate insights that support more effective healthcare policies and improve access to essential services and products.
Student roles: The student will be actively involved in all major stages of this research project, which focuses on procurement systems and supplier decision-making in pharmaceutical markets.
**Literature Review:** The student will review academic articles, policy reports, and industry publications related to procurement systems, supply chains, healthcare markets, and supplier incentives. They will summarize key findings and identify important research questions.
**Model Development:** The student will assist in developing mathematical and computational models that describe interactions between procurement organizations and suppliers. These models will be used to study how different procurement rules affect prices, supplier participation, and supply reliability.
**Computational Analysis:** The student will conduct numerical experiments and simulation studies to evaluate alternative procurement policies and market scenarios. They will analyze how model assumptions influence outcomes and identify key factors affecting performance.
**Result Interpretation:** The student will help interpret model results and examine their practical implications for healthcare systems and procurement policy.
**Research Communication:** The student will assist in preparing reports, figures, summaries, and presentations describing the methods and findings of the project.
Through this project, the student will gain experience in mathematical modeling, optimization, simulation, analytical thinking, and scientific communication while contributing to research with important implications for healthcare systems and public policy.
Skills required: The student should have a background in mathematics, operations research, industrial engineering, economics, statistics, computer science, analytics, or a related field. Familiarity with calculus, probability, optimization, mathematical modeling, or programming is desirable. Experience with Python, MATLAB, R, Mathematica, or similar software would be beneficial but is not required. Strong analytical thinking, problem-solving ability, and curiosity about real-world decision-making problems are important. Students interested in optimization, game theory, simulation, or healthcare applications are particularly encouraged to apply.
This is a fairly open ended project based on disordered models. Let G be a finite graph, and consider a space of subgraphs with some type of subgraphs disallowed. For example if no cycle is allowed, we obtain a forest. If no vertex of degree two or more is allowed, we obtain a matching. If all vertices have degree two and the graph is connected, we obtain something called a Hamiltonian cycle. Now imagine we put certain random independent weights on the edges. What can be said about the subgraph with these constraints which maximizes this weight? This is a constrained optimization problem, with no clear cut method to attack it. One such important model which can be formulated is closely related to the so spin glass model.
The project would be to explore variations of these models, explore some recent and old results, and try to formalize them. In general the major problems in this area are hard, but I have several toy problems on trees which can be attacked during an internship. My main goal is to familiarize the student with various new techniques in this field, which can lead to an entryway into this area.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research primarily focusses on using techniques from probability theory to better understand
various objects arising in statistical mechanics and mathematical physics. These days, most of my
research time is spent in understanding certain random trees, random height models and
disordered models.
Student roles: The student will read some of the papers, try to gather some feel of the general area, and attack some of the closely related toy open problems.
Skills required: Good exposure to probability theory, and general inclination towards graph theoretic problems is desired (but no graph theory knowledge is required)
24. Domain Decomposition Methods for Free Boundary Problems
Supervisor: Ronald Haynes
University: Memorial University of Newfoundland (St. John's campus)
Location: St. John'S, Nl, Newfoundland and Labrador
In this project we will consider the application of domain decomposition methods (in particular Schwarz methods) to the numerical solution of free boundary problems. The project will involve mathematical analysis and numerical implementation of the proposed methods in python. This work will lead to publication(s) in high quality mathematical journals.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am a numerical analyst working in the areas of scientific computing and mathematical modelling. In particular, I am interested in parallel and adaptive numerical techniques for the approximation of partial differential equations. I also work on large scale optimization problems of interest to industry.
Student roles: Depending on interest and skill set the student could be involved in both the mathematical theory and computation, or spend most of their time on one or the other. They will be active participants in the writing of the associated papers.
Skills required: A course in numerical methods is required, a course in numerical methods for PDEs is preferred but not necessary. The intern should have some python programming experience. Experience with technical writing using LaTeX is also preferred.
25. Elliptic curves, isogeny graphs and Iwasawa theory
Isogeny graphs defined using elliptic curves have very rich arithmetic and combinatorial structures. In this project, we shall study towers of coverings of such graphs and compute Iwasawa invariants of these towers. In particular, we shall study the distribution of these invariants as we vary the level of the graph.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Number theory, Graph Theory
Student roles: Read research papers, carry out mathematical proofs and write a report on new findings.
Skills required: Knowledge in number theory, graph theory, some programming experience with mathematical softwares.
26. Enhancing Technician Routing and Scheduling Using Optimization and Data-Driven Methods
Building on the previous research on the Technician Routing Problem (TRP) with skill sets and time window constraints, this project advances toward the development of more practical, data-driven, and adaptive routing strategies for field service operations. The upcoming internship will focus on enhancing these models by incorporating dynamic and real-world considerations, such as varying service durations, uncertain travel times, and priority-based task assignment. The student will work on extending existing formulations of the TRP by integrating heuristic and metaheuristic solution approaches (e.g., greedy algorithms, local search, or genetic algorithms) to improve computational efficiency and scalability for larger problem instances.
In addition, the project will introduce elements of data-driven decision-making by exploring how historical service and operational data can inform routing and scheduling decisions. The student will investigate simplified approaches to integrate predictive insights—such as expected service times or task urgencies—into the routing framework. This connects the work to broader themes in Operations Research and Logistics Optimization.
The internship will also involve implementing and testing routing algorithms using simulated or benchmark datasets, evaluating their performance in terms of travel cost, constraint satisfaction, and service efficiency. Emphasis will be placed on understanding trade-offs between solution quality and computational time, which is critical in real-time or near real-time field service applications.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area focuses on the intersection of reliability and maintenance, human
activity recognition, planning and scheduling, operations research (both deterministic and
stochastic) and machine learning and artificial intelligence. I explore the application of advanced
mathematical programming, machine learning techniques and AI algorithms to enhance the
reliability and maintenance processes in various industries. This involves developing models and
algorithms for human activity recognition to understand patterns and behaviors that impact system
reliability. Additionally, I investigate optimization techniques based on deterministic and stochastic
operations research to improve planning and scheduling of maintenance activities, maximizing
resource utilization, and minimizing downtime.
Student roles: The role of the student will involve various tasks and responsibilities. 1. Familiarization and literature review: Initially, the student will study relevant literature, research papers, and existing approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem and its intricacies. 2. Problem Refinement: The student will work closely with the project advisor to refine the problem formulation and define the specific requirements and constraints to be considered in the research project. 3. Mathematical Model Development: Based on the problem refinement, the student will develop a mathematical optimization model that captures formulate the problem, considering factors such as technician skills, time windows, travel distances, and any additional constraints. 4. Algorithm Design and Implementation: The student will design/improve efficient algorithms to solve the formulated optimization model. The algorithms will be implemented using programming languages such as Python, Java, or C++, considering data structures and optimization libraries as needed. 5. Experimentation and Evaluation: The student will conduct experiments to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the developed algorithms. The student will analyze and interpret the results obtained from the experiments. 6. Algorithm Refinement and Optimization: Based on the evaluation results, the student will refine and optimize the algorithms to improve their performance. 7. Documentation and Reporting: Throughout the research project, the student will maintain clear and organized documentation of the work performed. At the end of the project, the student will prepare a final research report that presents the problem, methodology, results, and conclusions of the research.
Skills required: To work on the research project, the student should have a strong foundation in operations research, optimization, and algorithm design. They should possess the following skills and background: 1. Mathematics, Modeling and Operations Research: A solid understanding of mathematical optimization techniques, including linear programming, and integer programming is needed. 2. Algorithm Design and Analysis: The student should have experience in designing algorithms and evaluating their efficiency and performance. Knowledge of heuristic and metaheuristic techniques commonly used in solving optimization problems, such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, 3. Communication and Collaboration: Effective communication skills are important to present research findings
27. Equivalence of models in operator algebraic quantum field theory
Supervisor: Raphael Clouatre
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
Quantum field theory (QFT) aims to describe certain physical phenomena (such as electromagnetism) while incorporating both relativity and quantum mechanics. It has done so with great success and displayed impressive predictive power. From the mathematical point of view, however, it has long proven challenging to place QFT on proper, rigorous foundations. To this day, this issue remains of substantial interest and high relevance: it is for instance at the heart of the Yang--Mills millenium problem from the Clay Mathematics Institute.
In light of this difficulty, one can turn to "algebraic" QFT, wherein a list of axioms is provided that a model of QFT should satisfy. Various sets of axioms exist for this purpose, such as the Wightman axioms and the Haag-Kastler axioms (along with a perturbative version thereof). Another mathematically sound strategy is to construct so-called deformation quantizations for a given classical model. Dirac's correspondence principle suggests that classical physics should be recovered from quantum physics by letting a small parameter (the Planck constant h bar) tend to 0. Poisson brackets are then obtained as limits of algebraic commutators. It is natural to seek deformation quantizations consisting of C*-algebras, so that tools from analysis and topology can be brought to bear.
The goal of this project is to understand the extent to which all these approaches may be considered equivalent. For example:
(Q1) Given a C*-algebraic deformation quantization, can we construct a model of QFT satisfying the Haag-Kastler axioms?
(Q2) Given a model of QFT satisfying the perturbative Haag-Kastler axioms, can we construct a genuine Haag-Kastler model?
(Q2) is particularly tantalizing, as any progress in this direction could shed light on the important open problem of constructing Haag-Kastler models for interacting fields.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I study subspaces of C*-algebras. Such algebras serve as abstract foundations for quantum physics. A fundamental postulate requires them to be unchanged under a natural symmetry operation. In practice, physical problems are often analyzed through perturbations, whereby the rigid structure of C*-algebras is compromised. My research provides a theory of these perturbed structures, and exhibits new ways of recovering the lost symmetry. Recently, I am applying these ideas to construct mathematically rigorous models in quantum field theory, via the Wightman axioms, the Haag-Kastler axioms (and their perturbative counterparts), or via Rieffel's notion of strict quantization.
Student roles: The first step will be a guided exploration of some of the existing literature to precisely assess what is known for the so-called free scalar field. The student will need to acquire a good understand of the construction of the various QFT models in this concrete yet non-trivial case, as a stepping-stone to eventually tackle some interacting fields.
On a day-to-day basis, the student will analyze examples and calculations in detail, as well as try to solve sub-problems, based on my guidance. Once a week, I will hold a one-on-one meeting with the student to discuss their questions, ideas, attempts and progress. Working together, we will formulate conjectures and prove theorems towards a solution of the problems listed in the research project. This could lead to a joint publication.
We will also hold a weekly seminar where the student will present the material from the literature to my research group of undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellow.
Skills required: Knowledge of basic real and complex analysis and of linear algebra is required. Familiarity with abstract algebra (groups, rings, modules), functional analysis and quantum mechanics is a desirable asset, but is not strictly required. The precise direction of this project is somehow flexible, and depending on your mathematical background and interests, the project could have an analytic flavour, an algebraic flavour, or even a mix of the two.
28. Explainable Machine Learning for Communication Networks
Current wireless networks profoundly rely on mathematical models that dictate the structure of the communication systems but very often, they do not present the systems accurately. Therefore, machine learning (ML) is expected to play a central role in next generation wireless networks as it is capable of modeling systems that can not be presented by tractable mathematical models. Despite the progress witnessed so far, it is still not clear whether a fully data-driven deep learning (DL) approach would eventually outperform the traditional ones in terms of performance and complexity. Even if model-based DL approach is shown to provide a computationally efficient alternative, a couple of open issues need to be addressed. As such, (i) there is no clear insight on using different learning approaches in combination with different optimization techniques for efficient end-to-end communication learning, (ii) there is an apparent lack of a unified theoretical foundation and framework to interpret and understand such models’ performances, and (iii) online training mechanisms to handle all possible alterations in the environment need to be investigated. Therefore, the long-term goal of this research program is computationally efficient and reliable ML-based communication system design, interpretation and implementation at both the algorithmic/protocol level and the infrastructure level. However, in the short term, this program focusses on the algorithmic/protocol level via three main research projects. In project #1, efficient end-to-end learning methods based on hybrid data-driven and model-based learning approaches are explored. In project #2, we provide a unified theoretical foundation and framework to interpret and understand the performances of the approaches proposed in project #1. Finally, in project #3, practical implementation aspects are considered. We are currently working on a proof of concept that enables Sionna (a TensorFlow-based open-source library for simulating the physical layer of wireless communication systems) on top of a RFSOC.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research interests revolve around smart radio environment with more emphasis on (i) interpretable machine learning for communication network, (ii) intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRS) aided communication and (iii) embedded AI for low power internet of things. My research projects tackle the open issues on using different learning approaches in combination with different optimization techniques for efficient and interpretable end-to-end communication learning, and shade light on real time beamforming and IRS control with constraints dictated by the channel estimation overhead. Herein, machine learning is also considered as a potential enabler in realising the vision of IRS- empowered smart radio environment.
Student roles: The first project aims at exploring the learning methods, optimization techniques and network architectures space. So far, backpropagation and gradient descent (GD) are the most dominant learning and optimization techniques respectively. Therefore, the student will survey and explore other learning and optimization approaches that will not necessarily rely on backpropagation and gradient descent techniques. The student shall consider data-driven approach with expert knowledge architecture and model-based approach where deep unfolding technique is used. For end-to-end communication learning, the focus is on the design of an efficient end-to-end communication system learning approach based on the optimal use of data-driven and model-based approaches. Optimality is measured in terms of both system performance and computational complexity (including training speed). The second project’s objective is to provide a unified theoretical foundation and framework to interpret and understand the performances of the models proposed in project #1 and investigate the effect of model inaccuracy and dimensioning. Performing a theoretical analysis for model-based learning (be it data-driven with expert knowledge or model-based via deep unfolding) seems feasible, but not necessarily straightforward, even if the algorithms are based on some specific models that always yield rigorous analytical results within certain performance bound.Finally, in the third project, the student is called to participate on developing a proof of concept that enables Sionna (a TensorFlow-based open-source library for simulating the physical layer of wireless communication systems) on top of a Radio Frequency System On Chip (A system-on-chip (SoC) for communications that contains multiple radio frequency (RF) components). Basically, with the collaboration of PhD and masters' students, the qualified interns will mainly contribute to project 1 and 3.
Skills required: 1. Good theoretical background in communication theory 2. Good linear algebra and optimization theory 3. Good skills in Python and Matlab 4. Intermediate level in scikit-learn and Keras frameworks 5. Familiar with DL library Sionna from NVIDIA
29. Exploring Geometrical Probability in Wireless Networks
In a wireless network where the wireless devices are randomly deployed according to a certain distribution (e.g., in a sensor network or cellular network), the locations of and the distances among devices play significant roles in determining the performance metrics of the network and designing protocols for the network. For example, in our previous work, the energy consumption in sensor networks [1], the path loss, interference, and capacity in wireless communication networks [2], the next nearest node of a mobile data collector [3] or charger [4] in wireless ad hoc networks are all dependent on the probabilistic models based on the distance distributions between two random nodes in the network. The model can significantly benefit the network protocol design and performance analysis by providing accurate statistical information.
We have obtained a series of results about the distance distributions for the network with nodes independently and uniformly distributed in a specified topology, such as the distribution of the distances from an arbitrary reference point to a random point [5] and between two random points [6, 7, 8] (more results can be found in http://www.cs.uvic.ca/~pan/publication/).
The MITACS intern student will mainly focus on the application of these results to the network protocol design and performance evaluation by identifying and formulating appropriate application scenarios.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Computer communications and networks, particularly protocol design, performance analysis and applied network security.
Student roles: The intern student will work with faculty members and graduate students, learning through the research process and helping with simulation and evaluation, which will lead to publishable work with technology transfer potentials.
For more information about the research projects, the related projects and the experience of the former MITACS interns, please refer to http://web.uvic.ca/~pan and the references therein.
[1] Y. Zhuang, J. Pan, and L. Cai, “Minimizing energy consumption with probabilistic distance models in wireless sensor networks”, in Proc. 29th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’10), pp. 2453–2461, 2010.
[2] Y. Zhuang, Y. Luo, L. Cai, and J. Pan, “A geometric probability model for capacity analysis and interference estimation in wireless mobile cellular systems”, in Proc. 54th Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM’11), 2011.
[3] Liang He, Zhe Yang, Jianping Pan, Lin Cai, and Jingdong Xu, "Evaluating Service Disciplines for Mobile Elements in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks", in Proc. 31st IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM'12), Orlando, USA, 2012.
[4] Liang He, Yu Gu, Jianping Pan, and Ting Zhu, "On-Demand Charging in Wireless Sensor Networks: Theories and Applications", in Proc. 10th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS'13), Hangzhou, China, October, 2013.
[5] M. Ahmadi and J. Pan, “Random distances associated with arbitrary triangles: A recursive approach with an arbitrary reference point,” Available Online: http://dl.handle.net/1828/5134, 2014.
[6] F. Tong, M. Ahmadi, and J. Pan,“Random Distances Associated with Arbitrary Triangles: A Systematic Approach between Two Random Points,” arXiv:1312.2498, 2013.
[7] F. Tong and J. Pan, "Random Distances Associated with Arbitrary Polygons: An Algorithmic Approach between Two Random Points," arXiv:1602.03407, 2016.
[8] R. Pure, S. Durrani, F. Tong, and J. Pan, "Distance Distribution Between Two Random Nodes in Arbitrary Polygons," arXiv:1903.07757, 2019.
Skills required: The MITACS intern student is expected to be familiar with the basics of wireless communications and networking. Wireless communication background is needed to better understand how the signal attenuates, and how to model it through appropriate distance distribution models.
30. Fairness in machine learning predictions for crew assignments
Complex systems such as the healthcare system rely on quickly solving difficult optimisation problems to allocate scarce resources, such as scheduling surgeries, assigning staff and storing and distributing supplies.
Recent progress shows that machine learning can help efficiently solve these problems. However, there is a cost: the predictions guiding these decisions are often opaque, especially if black-box models such as neural networks are involved. In this project, we open that black box, asking when and why an algorithm makes the choices it does, and whether those choices are fair.
The project has two components: implementing state-of-the-art machine learning approaches to combinatorial optimisation, and developing tools to audit their predictions for bias and interpretability.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research lies at the intersection of mathematical optimisation, machine learning and mathematical modelling (in particular using probability theory).
Student roles: The student will experiment with data, train and implement the machine learning models and implement the fairness audit. If the project progresses as planned, the work will contribute to a research article to be co-authored by the student.
The project will take place at UQAM, the Centre de recherche mathématiques (CRM) and the Group d'études et de recherche en analyse de décision (GERAD). The student will be able to participate in scientific activities in this rich environment.
Skills required: Required: basic familiarity with optimisation models
Required: a good understanding of algorithmic thinking and strong knowledge of at least one programming language, preferably Python or C.
Exposure to supervised machine learning (at the level of an introductory course) is highly desirable.
While the library of Agda is already sizeable (https://github.com/agda/agda-stdlib for the library, and https://wiki.portal.chalmers.se/agda/pmwiki.php for more information about the system itself). I am one of the contributors to the library, and the main co-author of the Category Theory support. There is still a lot to do, both in computer science and in mathematics. Thus there is a fair amount of flexibility as to exactly what domain to work on, depending on the student's background and preferences.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Part of my research involves formalized mathematics and formalized computing, which is done using a proof assistant. I am most interested in building large libraries of computational knowledge, and the techniques necessary to reach large scale.
Student roles: Implement various domains of mathematics and computer science in Agda. While the domains will be drawn from known areas, the implementations will be new, and often require novel ideas too. Some creativity (with guidance) will be needed to find good encodings of certain concepts. Looking at the current library is the best way to understand the kinds of computing and mathematics involved. But also looking at the libraries of other systems (Isabelle, Coq, Lean, Idris, etc) is also a good guide.
Skills required: Experience programming in at least 2 programming languages, but more is better. Some functional language (such as Haskell) would be optimal. A solid background in Mathematics. Must like doing things very precisely.
32. Government Interventions for Energy Efficient AI Technologies: A Game-Theoretic Analysis
Supervisor: Iman Nosoohi
University: Memorial University of Newfoundland (St. John's campus)
Location: St. John'S, Newfoundland and Labrador
Start date: 2027-06-01 (flexible)
Disciplines: Mathematics, Engg-Systems and Technology, Engg-Industrial, Economics, Business
Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowers transformative capabilities in modern energy systems. It provides more precise forecasts for renewable energy, optimizes real-time controls, and balances demand and supply in energy sectors. On the other hand, the rapid advances of AI technologies, including large-scale data centers and machine learning (ML) workloads, place mounting stress on energy supply. Thus, this dual role positions AI as both a catalyst and a challenge in the evolution of energy systems.
When we look at the operating systems behind AI technology, we observe Data Centers as a critical component. An AI data center is a physical facility, typically containing multiple computer servers, data storage devices, and network equipment that runs large computer systems. According to a U.S. Congress report (www.congress.gov), data centers annual energy use in 2023 was approximately 176 terawatt-hours (TWh), approximately 4.4% of U.S. annual electricity consumption that year. In addition to computing infrastructures, the cooling system is another major source of energy consumption. According to the International Energy Agency estimates, a 100-megawatt U.S. data center may consume roughly 2 million liters of water (roughly 530,000 gallons) per day. Some projections show that data center energy consumption could double or triple by 2028.
Currently there are no legally binding energy standards that apply explicitly to operation of data centers. Given both the positive and negative features of AI, government agencies seek to find effective policies to support the development of AI companies, while motivating green and sustainable investments at data centers. In this research, I will hire an undergraduate student under the Mitacs GRI. The student will study the most relevant government interventions in this sector and how tech companies might react against these policies. I will help the student develop a simple game theory model to compare the policies from economic and environmental perspectives.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I have been working on supply chain issues mainly relevant to contract design under uncertainty, pricing and revenue management, and gray markets. I use game theory and optimization techniques in my research. More recently, I have studied government interventions in pharmaceutical industries to improve affordability. My current research investigates how to create transparency in markets with quality differentiation. Another ongoing area of my research focuses on the adaptation of an agentic AI system for measuring supply chain emissions. The proposed idea in this research aligns well with my previous studies regarding policy design to support sustainable AI technologies.
Student roles: The student’s role has three phases. • Phase 1-Problem definition (weeks 1-4): The student will review relevant reports and data bases to collect information about the benefits and challenges of AI systems in the energy sector. The student will also research regulations or policies that can be used to support energy efficiency in AI systems. The student will prepare a list of 4-5 major policies recommended or applied by different organization (e.g., United Nations) or countries (e.g., Canada). The information collected will help define a clear research question based on real-world evidence. • Phase 2-Literature Review (weeks 5-8): The student will conduct a major literature review of this topic by exploring scientific journals and databases. The review will provide insight into how our research will contribute to the existing literature. • Phase 3-Modeling and Analysis (weeks 9-12): The student will learn Mathematica as a modeling software. I will help them develop a game theory model to analyze strategic decisions of government agencies and AI companies in Mathematica. The analytical model will be developed based on our search results in phases 1 and 2. The student will learn how to use optimization models to analyse decisions in an AI supply chain with different economic and environmental objectives and constraints. The student will have frequent in person meetings with me (1-2 hours per week) and will provide clear and timely updates regarding their progress in each phase. I will keep this plan flexible. If time permits, the student will be included in the development of a paper to be presented in a peer reviewed conference or journal. I will also connect the student to professional development events and social activities occurring at Memorial University and the beautiful city of St. John’s.
Skills required: The student should have a background in Business or Management disciplines with a focus on Operations Management or Supply Chain Management. The research may also be of interest to students with a background in Industrial Engineering, Applied Math, or Economics. The student is expected to be well organized and highly interested in the proposed research project. The student should have strong written and verbal communication skills and excellent time management skills.
33. Graph theory for DNA self-assembly
Supervisor: Margherita Maria Ferrari
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
While commonly considered a genetic element, DNA has proven to be a versatile material to build nanostructures, such as polyhedra and lattices, through the so-called DNA self-assembly processes. DNA nanostructures have applications in drug delivery, tumor therapy, biomolecular computing, and nanorobotics to name a few. The first developed method builds structures using 'branched junction DNA molecules', which are star-shaped molecules that attach together through bonding sites at the end of their arms [1, 2]. Mathematically, structures are represented as graphs while molecules are represented as 'tiles', vertices with labeled half-edges [1, 2]. In this context, it is customary to consider 'flexible tiles' describing molecules whose arms may bend and elongate during the experimental process. A common goal is to find the smallest number of molecules and the smallest number of bonds needed to assemble a target complex under different constraints [2]. The purpose of this project is to compute these quantities for classes of graphs that have not been analyzed yet and attack related open questions.
References:
[1] J. Ellis-Monaghan, N. Jonoska, G. Pangborn. Tile-based DNA nanostructures: mathematical design and problem encoding, in Algebraic and Combinatorial Computational Biology, pp. 35-60, Academic Press, 2019.
[2] J. Ellis-Monaghan, G. Pangborn, L. Beaudin, et al. Minimal tile and bond-edge types for self-assembling DNA graphs, in Discrete and Topological Models in Molecular Biology, pp. 241-270, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research lies at the intersection between discrete mathematics and biosciences. More specifically, my research seeks to provide insights into biomolecular interactions using tools from combinatorics and graph theory. One central theme concerns structural problems in graph theory that are motivated by DNA self-assembly processes (which are methods to synthesize nanostructures using building blocks made of DNA). Of interest is determining optimal design strategies to build a target complex modeled as a graph. To this end, I focus on studying two new graph parameters for various classes of graphs under different design constraints.
Student roles: During the first couple of weeks, the student will read some published works to gain familiarity with the research topic, notation, and methodology used. Then, the student will apply those tools to selected examples and open questions, not yet analyzed. The goal is to find the minimum number of molecules and of bonds needed to build a given target graph. Whenever the exact values cannot be found, the student will determine upper and lower bounds for these two parameters. This research work may include developing new strategies for obtaining such values or bounds. When computing these parameters, the student will be focusing on certain scenarios treated in the literature. During this internship, the student will write weekly reports (using LaTeX, for instance) to summarize their findings and challenges faced. In fact, the student is expected to meet regularly (e.g. once per week) with their supervisor to discuss progresses and future developments.
Skills required: The student needs to be familiar with basic notions in graph theory, such as edge-colorings and vertex-colorings, directed graphs, Eulerian graphs, cycles, bipartite graphs, etc. The student also needs basic knowledge in linear algebra; this includes matrix algebra and being able to solve a system of linear equations. Some background in computer programming may be helpful. Familiarity with LaTeX is an asset but it is not required since guidance will be provided.
34. Ideal lattices of quadratic fields and applications in isogeny-based cryptography
Supervisor: Ha Tran
University: University of Alberta (Camrose campus)
An ideal lattice is an algebraic structure inside the ring of integers of a number field. In this project, we will study ideal lattices of quadratic fields (number fields of degree 2). Investigating these ideal lattices and their shapes can help solve related, important computational problems in number theory. Moreover, it will provide a tool to analyze the efficiency and security of isogeny-based cryptography, which is an important candidate for post-quantum cryptography.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My interests are in the areas of algebraic number theory, especially on algebraic lattices (ideal lattices, log unit lattices of number fields, Gross lattices, ...), elliptic curve isogenies, and their applications in post-quantum cryptography and coding theory.
Student roles: The students will first study the background on ideal lattices of number fields (2–3 weeks), then run experiments in SageMath or Pari/GP to compute ideal lattices and their shapes (2 weeks). After that, they will gather the data, analyze it, form conjectures based on the properties of ideal lattice shapes, and attempt to prove them (4–5 weeks in total). In the final 2 weeks, they will study isogeny-based cryptography and how to apply the results concerning the shapes of ideal lattices to analyze the efficiency and security of these cryptosystems.
Both students will work together at every stage of the project.
Skills required: Students should have background in basic algebra (linear algebra and abstract algebra). Having some knowledge on quadratic fields, lattices and some programing experience are preferable.
35. Intelligent Maintenance Planning for Balanced Systems
Supervisor: Ryan O'Neil
University: Concordia University (Montréal campus)
Modern life depends on complex production, transportation, logistics, and defense systems that are expected to operate with exceptionally high levels of reliability and availability. Many of these systems operate through alternating missions and maintenance opportunities and are commonly referred to as mission-oriented systems (MOS). Examples include aircraft fleets between missions, transportation systems during scheduled maintenance windows, and industrial production lines during planned shutdowns. Because maintenance resources such as time, budget, spare parts, and personnel are often limited, it is generally impossible to perform all desired maintenance actions. Selective Maintenance (SM) addresses this challenge by determining which maintenance actions should be performed during a limited maintenance opportunity to maximize system readiness or satisfy reliability requirements at minimum cost.
While significant advances have been made in SM optimization, existing models focus on systems whose performance depends on the health of individual components. However, many modern engineering systems exhibit an additional and often overlooked characteristic: balanced operation. Examples include aircraft flap actuation systems, railway wheel assemblies, UAV propulsion systems, robotic manipulators, and industrial motion-control systems. In such systems, performance depends not only on the condition of individual units but also on maintaining acceptable balance between symmetric or functionally coupled units. Consequently, a system may experience degraded performance or failure even when all components remain individually operational.
The objective of this project is to develop a cutting-edge SM framework for balanced MOS operating under resource constraints. The main research tasks are:
• formulate a selective maintenance optimization model that explicitly accounts for balance-dependent failures and limited maintenance resources;
• implement and exact, heuristic, or metaheuristic approach to solve the SM optimization problem;
• conduct computational experiments and sensitivity analysis.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on the development of optimization and artificial intelligence methods to enhance the reliability, availability, and resilience of complex engineering systems. Current research areas include selective maintenance optimization, predictive maintenance, mission-abort policies, and the resilience of critical infrastructure networks. This research integrates mathematical modeling, stochastic processes, machine learning, and optimization techniques to support maintenance and operational decision-making. Applications include aerospace systems, transportation networks, autonomous systems, production systems, and other safety-critical engineering systems where reliability, safety, and operational performance are of paramount importance.
Student roles: The student will contribute to the development of reliability and optimization models for balanced mission-oriented systems. Initially, the student will familiarize themselves with the concepts of selective maintenance and balanced systems using key papers, notes, and guidance provided by the supervisors. Working closely with the supervisors, the student will assist in the formulation of a selective maintenance optimization model for balanced systems and the development of supporting reliability and degradation models. The student will implement solution approaches in Python, building upon existing code developed by the research team for related maintenance optimization problems. The student will conduct computational experiments and sensitivity analyses to evaluate model performance and gain experience in optimization and reliability engineering. Finally, the student will prepare a short conference-style report summarizing the methodology and results.
Skills required: The ideal candidate will have a background in operations research, industrial engineering, applied mathematics, computer science, or a related discipline. Familiarity with mathematical modeling, optimization, probability, and statistics is desirable. Experience with programming, particularly in Python, is considered an asset. Exposure to topics such as machine learning, reliability engineering, simulation, or optimization software is beneficial but not required. Most importantly, we are seeking a motivated and curious student with strong analytical skills, a willingness to learn, and an interest in applying mathematical and computational methods to real-world engineering problems.
36. Inverse Parameter Estimation in Compartmental Epidemic Models Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks
When a new infectious disease emerges, public health authorities need to estimate key epidemiological parameters such as the transmission rate, incubation period, and recovery rate from limited and noisy hospital data. Traditional approaches require either complete data or strong assumptions about the underlying dynamics. Physics-informed neural networks offer an alternative: by embedding the differential equations of an epidemic model such as SEIR directly into the neural network's loss function, the network can simultaneously reconstruct the full disease trajectory and estimate the unknown parameters from incomplete observations. In this project, the intern will build a PINN-based inverse solver for compartmental epidemic models. Starting from our lab's existing forward-problem codebase, the intern will modify the architecture so that the disease parameters are treated as learnable quantities optimized alongside the neural network weights. The intern will test parameter recovery accuracy across multiple noise levels and data sparsity scenarios using synthetic ground-truth data, and will apply our lab's adaptive gradient method to manage the gradient conflict that arises between the data-fitting and parameter-estimation objectives. All work will be done in Python using PyTorch. The intern will be introduced to the SEIR epidemic model and the basics of inverse problems during the first two weeks through short tutorials and guided readings. The results will contribute to a planned journal article on adaptive gradient methods for epidemiological inverse problems. If parameter recovery is successful on synthetic data, the work will also support a future grant application extending this framework to real-world COVID-19 and mpox surveillance data. The intern will be offered co-authorship on the resulting publication and will leave the internship with a substantive research experience at the intersection of mathematical biology and machine learning.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Our lab specializes in mathematical epidemiology and computational modelling of infectious disease dynamics. We combine classical compartmental models such as SEIR with modern machine learning techniques, particularly physics-informed neural networks, to analyze disease outbreaks when surveillance data is noisy, sparse, or incomplete. A core interest is inverse problems, where unknown epidemiological parameters such as transmission rate, incubation period, and recovery rate must be estimated from observed infection data. This work sits at the intersection of applied mathematics, public health, and deep learning, and aims to produce tools useful for real-time epidemic forecasting and policy decisions.
Student roles: The intern will work as a research contributor within the DIMMS Lab on a focused computational project at the intersection of mathematical epidemiology and deep learning. During the first two weeks, the intern will onboard by studying our published work on SEIR-based PINNs, reading introductory material on inverse problems in epidemiology, and running our existing forward-problem codebase to understand the baseline training procedure. By the end of week two, the intern should understand the SEIR model and be able to reproduce a standard forward simulation. From weeks three to seven, the intern will modify the PINN architecture to treat the epidemiological parameters as learnable quantities. This involves adding new trainable scalars to the model, redefining the loss function to support joint parameter estimation, and integrating our adaptive gradient method. The intern will develop a test suite using synthetic ground-truth data with known parameters across multiple noise levels. From weeks eight to ten, the intern will systematically evaluate parameter recovery accuracy. This includes running experiments across varied noise levels, sparsity levels, and initialization strategies, producing comparison tables, and diagnosing any failure modes encountered. Weekly meetings with the supervising faculty and PhD student will guide the experimental direction. During weeks eleven and twelve, the intern will write up the results, produce publication-quality figures, and present findings to the DIMMS Lab in a final seminar. The intern will also draft the methods and results sections of a potential journal submission. The intern will be expected to work independently on coding tasks, document experiments carefully, and communicate results clearly. We will provide all computing resources including GPU access, full supervisory support through weekly meetings, and access to the lab's ongoing research discussions.
Skills required: Undergraduate standing in Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Physics, or a related quantitative discipline (third or fourth year preferred). Programming experience in Python is required along with familiarity with PyTorch or TensorFlow. The student must have completed coursework in ordinary differential equations and should be comfortable with basic optimization concepts. Interest in mathematical biology, epidemiology, or public health modelling is strongly preferred. Prior exposure to inverse problems or parameter estimation is an asset but not required. We welcome students who are curious about applying mathematical methods to real-world biological and epidemiological questions.
37. Iwasawa theory of elliptic curves and modular forms
In Iwasawa theory, we are interested in studying arithmetic behaviours of mathematical objects over a tower of number field extensions. In this project, we will study generalizations of classical results in Iwasawa theory in the context of elliptic curves and modular forms, using p-adic and numerical methods.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Number theory, Algebra
Student roles: Read research papers, carry out mathematical proofs and write a report on new findings.
Skills required: Knowledge in Number theory, Algebra, some programming experience with mathematical softwares.
38. Joint Optimization of Routing and Mission Abort Decisions for UAVs Operating in Random Environments
Supervisor: Ryan O'Neil
University: Concordia University (Montréal campus)
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in applications such as logistics, surveillance, disaster response, and infrastructure inspection, where they often operate in uncertain and potentially hostile environments. In such settings, UAVs may experience random shocks caused by factors such as enemy fire, electromagnetic disturbances, adverse weather conditions, or other environmental hazards. These shocks can increase the likelihood of system failure and compromise the successful completion of a mission. Consequently, route planning in risky environments should not only account for travel efficiency and reward collection, but also for mission success and UAV survivability.
Existing UAV routing models assume that routing decisions are determined prior to mission execution and remain fixed throughout the mission. However, in practice, UAV operations are highly dynamic. New information regarding environmental conditions, shock exposure, UAV health, and mission progress may become available during execution. As a result, routing and mission-abort decisions may need to be updated in real time to reduce risk and improve mission outcomes.
The objective of this project is to develop a dynamic routing and mission-abort decision framework for UAVs operating in uncertain environments. Unlike traditional approaches that determine routes and abort policies before mission execution, the proposed framework will update decisions at key decision epochs based on the evolving mission state. The main research tasks are:
• Develop a dynamic optimization model that jointly determines UAV routes and mission-abort decisions.
• Develop and implement solution approaches based on reinforcement learning, approximate dynamic programming, or re-optimization techniques to support real-time decision-making.
• Conduct computational experiments to quantify the benefits of dynamic routing and mission-abort policies compared with traditional static approaches.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on the development of optimization and artificial intelligence methods to enhance the reliability, availability, and resilience of complex engineering systems. Current research areas include selective maintenance optimization, predictive maintenance, mission-abort policies, and the resilience of critical infrastructure networks. This research integrates mathematical modeling, stochastic processes, machine learning, and optimization techniques to support maintenance and operational decision-making. Applications include aerospace systems, transportation networks, autonomous systems, production systems, and other safety-critical engineering systems where reliability, safety, and operational performance are of paramount importance.
Student roles: The student will contribute to the development of optimization and machine learning models for UAV routing and mission-abort decision-making in uncertain environments. Initially, the student will familiarize themselves with the relevant literature on UAV routing and mission-abort policies using key papers, notes, and guidance provided by the supervisors. Working closely with the supervisors, the student will assist in the formulation of routing and mission-abort decision models that account for random shocks and operational uncertainty. The student will implement optimization and learning-based solution approaches in Python and evaluate their performance through computational experiments. Existing code developed by the research team for UAV routing and mission-abort optimization will be provided as a starting point. The student will conduct sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of key model parameters and compare alternative decision-making approaches. Finally, the student will prepare a short conference-style report summarizing the methodology, computational results, and key research findings.
Skills required: The ideal candidate will have a background in operations research, industrial engineering, applied mathematics, computer science, or a related discipline. Familiarity with mathematical modeling, optimization, probability, and statistics is desirable. Experience with programming, particularly in Python, is considered an asset. Exposure to topics such as machine learning, reliability engineering, simulation, or optimization software is beneficial but not required. Most importantly, we are seeking a motivated and curious student with strong analytical skills, a willingness to learn, and an interest in applying mathematical and computational methods to real-world engineering problems.
39. Leveraging Category Theory for Multimodal Data Fusion
This project explores the use of category theory to develop a unified mathematical framework for multimodal and multi-sensor data fusion. Modern data-driven systems often rely on heterogeneous information sources, such as images, text, sensor streams, clinical data, and other structured or unstructured data types. However, integrating these modalities in a principled, interpretable, and scalable way remains a major challenge.
The student will investigate how category-theoretic concepts can be used to formally represent different data modalities as objects and the relationships, transformations, and fusion processes between them as morphisms. The project aims to provide a rigorous mathematical language for describing how information moves across modalities and how fusion pipelines can be designed, interpreted, and validated.
The work will include theoretical development, review of relevant literature, construction of mathematical representations, development of algorithmic prototypes, and validation using real-world multimodal fusion tasks. Potential application areas include healthcare diagnostics, autonomous systems, and human-computer interaction. The project will contribute to both theoretical foundations and practical tools for robust, interpretable, and scalable multimodal data integration.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is community-oriented artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and data science for infectious disease prevention, preparedness, and response. I develop AI-enabled and mathematical modeling approaches to support public-health decision-making, with emphasis on epidemic dynamics, behavioral responses, vaccination strategies, climate and environmental drivers, and health equity. This research integrates epidemiological data, climate-informed modelling, and community-relevant analytics to address infectious disease challenges in Canada, Africa, and the Global South, while supporting resilient health systems and equitable outbreak response.
Student roles: The student will review literature on category theory, multimodal learning, and data fusion, then help develop a mathematical framework that represents data modalities as objects and relationships or transformations as morphisms. They will formulate theoretical structures, design algorithmic prototypes, and test the framework using real-world multimodal fusion tasks. The student will also analyze results, prepare visualizations, document methods, and contribute to manuscript writing. Regular meetings with supervisors and interdisciplinary collaboration will be expected throughout the project.
Skills required: The ideal student should have a background in mathematics, applied mathematics, computer science, data science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, or a related field. Familiarity with abstract algebra, category theory, linear algebra, probability, machine learning, and multimodal data analysis is preferred. Experience with programming in Python, R, Julia, or MATLAB, and with machine-learning libraries would be an asset. The student should have strong mathematical reasoning, analytical, coding, writing, and communication skills.
40. Leveraging on fractal geometry laws to evaluate the efficiency of trees as a carbon sink from the atmosphere
There have been conflicting statements in the literature about the capability of young versus old trees to capture CO2 from the atmosphere. It has been established that tree growth follows mostly fractal geometry's laws, most particularly for the formation of its crown. A more accurate estimation of the quantities of carbon stored in the wood of trees could thus be obtained while developing a fractal model for the CO2 capture rate by trees as a function of their age. The project will first consist in a literature review of the topic and then on the development of a simple model to evaluate the amount of carbon stored by the tree during its growth.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I have a background in physics and chemistry and work in the field of plasma physics, notably for CO2 capture and conversion into added-value chemicals using plasmas.
Student roles: The student will lead the project and conduct the literature search and develop a first simple analytical and/or numerical model using computational tools.
Skills required: The student should have a background in physics or mathematics and an interest in solving applied mathematics problems.
Take a graph G=(V,E) and consider a function f from the vertex set to the integers such that adjacent vertices differ by at most 1. Fix a boundary set B, and some compatible set of values the function can take on B (usually taken to be 0). Consider the set of all functions which match the allowed values on B, and uniformly pick one. This is called a uniform integer valued Lipschitz function. The general theory of such functions is rather intricate and depends heavily on the underlying graph.
The project involves understanding this function on a regular tree of finite height with various choices of boundary conditions. On a tree, the distribution of the root involves a certain recursive distributional equation. The project involves analyzing them using computers, make some conjectures about the dependance of the root distribution on boundary vertices. With 0 boundary condition, it is proved by me and co-authors that the root distribution converges if d is strictly smaller than 8. With different boundary conditons (say {-10,10}) mostly things are unknown. It is not even clear what the nature of the root distribution might look like (e.g. bimodal? unimodal?). Even more complicated boundary conditions yield a rich tapestry of possibilities.
The project involves analyzing the recursion and understanding the theory of convergence of distributions (which requires some basic functional analysis knowledge), and mostly coding to make conjectures and solve them.
There are various adjacent problems which involve recursive distributional equations as well, which the student might pivot to if needed.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research primarily focusses on using techniques from probability theory to better understand various objects arising in statistical mechanics and mathematical physics. These days, most of my research time is spent in understanding certain random trees, random height models and disordered models.
Student roles: --Understand the basics of the project, and read our paper to gain some basic knowledge about the problem. --Use the recursive distributional equation to code the outcomes of the iteration. This involves plugging in various different boundary conditions, and analyzing the outcomes. Then try to use theory to explain these outcomes, make conjectures, gain insights, and then try to prove some of the conjectures. Usually the simulations help in finding the right bounds to use to prove these conjectures. --The goal is to provide a fulfilling research experience where the student can discover something new through the code, and then try to prove them mathematically using some of the theory developed by me and co-authors.
Skills required: My research involves a good mix of probability theory, analysis and combinatorics, so proficiency in these areas are desired (but not essential.) This particular project requires some basic coding skills (e.g. Python). Some basic proof writing skills is desired.
42. Low-Overhead Quantum Codes for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing
Supervisor: Chen Feng
University: University of British Columbia (Okanagan campus)
Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires logical operations that remain reliable despite physical noise. However, logical entangling gates are often among the most expensive components of a fault-tolerant architecture. This project will explore phantom codes, a new class of stabilizer codes whose intrinsic encoded entanglement can enable logical entangling gates without applying additional physical entangling operations. Instead, part of the cost is shifted from hardware-level gates to classical circuit recompilation. The APS abstract reports exhaustive enumeration of CSS phantom codes up to small block lengths, SAT-based searches to larger lengths, infinite families generalizing hypercube codes and the Carbon code, and simulations suggesting that phantom codes can outperform surface codes in realistic regimes.
The intern will investigate how phantom codes can be understood, discovered, simulated, and benchmarked from a student-accessible but research-relevant perspective. The project will begin with a guided review of stabilizer formalism, CSS codes, logical operators, and fault-tolerant logical gates. The student will then reproduce small examples of phantom-code behavior, build tools to represent stabilizer generators and logical operators, and explore how latent entanglement inside the encoded state can be used as a computational resource.
Depending on the student’s strengths, the project may emphasize either theory, algorithms, or simulation. Possible directions include enumerating small CSS codes, implementing SAT or search-based code discovery, classifying non-phantom logical operations, simulating simple encoded circuits, or comparing resource estimates against surface-code-inspired baselines.
Expected deliverables include a readable technical report, open-source prototype code, visualizations of code structure and logical operations, and a final presentation. Strong outcomes may support a workshop submission or a follow-up research note on code discovery, compilation, or benchmarking for phantom-code architectures.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research area is quantum information science, fault-tolerant quantum computing, and the design of error-correcting codes that reduce the overhead of reliable quantum computation. I am particularly interested in stabilizer codes, CSS codes, logical gate implementation, circuit compilation, and resource-efficient architectures for near- and medium-term quantum hardware. This work connects quantum coding theory with practical simulation, optimization, and systems-level design, aiming to identify when new code families can outperform conventional approaches such as surface codes in realistic computational settings.
Student roles: The student will work as a junior researcher on the theory-to-prototype pipeline for phantom quantum codes. In the first phase, the student will study background material on stabilizer codes, CSS codes, logical qubits, logical operators, and fault-tolerant entangling gates. They will prepare a concise internal summary explaining what makes phantom codes different from conventional stabilizer-code approaches and why avoiding physical entangling gates could reduce overhead.
In the second phase, the student will implement basic computational tools for working with CSS stabilizer codes. These may include binary matrix representations, commutation checks, logical-operator extraction, code-distance calculations for small examples, and visualization of stabilizer or logical-operator structure. The student will use these tools to reproduce simple examples and develop intuition for intrinsic encoded entanglement.
In the third phase, the student will pursue one focused research direction. Possible options include enumerating small candidate codes, experimenting with SAT-based search formulations, classifying logical operations available within a code, simulating simple encoded circuits, or comparing toy resource estimates against surface-code-style implementations. The exact direction will be matched to the student’s background and interests.
In the final phase, the student will consolidate their results into polished research artifacts: documented prototype code, a technical report, clear diagrams, and a final presentation for both quantum-information and systems-oriented audiences. The student will participate in weekly meetings, present progress, discuss obstacles, and receive mentorship on research methods, paper reading, mathematical writing, and scientific communication.
This project is especially suited for an ambitious undergraduate considering graduate study in quantum computing, theoretical computer science, physics, applied mathematics, or cryptography-adjacent quantum information.
Skills required: The student should have strong preparation in linear algebra, discrete mathematics, algorithms, and probability. Prior exposure to quantum computing, stabilizer codes, error correction, Boolean satisfiability, or graph theory is helpful but not required. Programming experience in Python is strongly recommended; familiarity with NumPy, linear algebra over finite fields, simulation, or optimization libraries would be valuable. The ideal student is mathematically mature, comfortable learning from research papers, careful with definitions, and excited by problems at the intersection of quantum theory, coding, algorithms, and computational experimentation.
43. Mapping the Dark Universe with Binary Black Holes
Gravitational-wave observations of merging binary black holes are opening a new window onto the Universe. Beyond revealing the properties of black holes themselves, these sources can serve as tracers of the large-scale distribution of matter, providing new ways to study dark matter, galaxy formation, and cosmic evolution.
In this project, students will investigate how different binary black hole formation channels—including primordial black holes, isolated stellar binaries, dynamical formation in star clusters, and active galactic nuclei—affect the connection between gravitational-wave sources and their cosmological environments. Using theoretical models, numerical simulations, and publicly available datasets, students will explore how black hole merger populations from different channels trace galaxies and dark matter halos across cosmic time.
Depending on their interests and progress, students may analyze cosmological simulations, develop models of black hole merger populations, or forecast the capabilities of future gravitational-wave observatories such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. The goal is to understand how next-generation gravitational-wave surveys can be used not only to study compact objects but also to probe the nature and distribution of matter throughout the Universe.
The project will provide training in computational physics, data analysis (potentially some machine learning technics), cosmology, and gravitational-wave astrophysics, while contributing to a rapidly growing field at the intersection of astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research is in theoretical cosmology and mathematical physics. I study fundamental questions about the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the Universe, with research spanning the Big Bang, cosmic inflation, dark energy, and gravitational-wave cosmology. More recently, I have focused on understanding the connection between the large-scale distribution of matter and astrophysical tracers, developing theoretical and computational frameworks that combine cosmological simulations, galaxy formation models, and gravitational-wave source populations to probe dark matter and cosmic structure.
Student roles: Students will begin by learning the scientific background of the project through guided reading of introductory literature on cosmology, gravitational-wave astronomy, and binary black hole formation, as well as the computational tools and programming skills needed for the project, including basic data-analysis techniques. After this initial training, students will work on a research problem related to modeling binary black hole populations and their connection to galaxies and dark matter. Depending on the project direction, tasks may include analyzing simulation and observational data, implementing and testing theoretical models, performing statistical analyses, and visualizing results. Students will participate in regular meetings with the supervisor and her research group, present their progress, and contribute to the interpretation and communication of research findings. In addition to being hosted in the Department of Applied Mathematics at the University of Waterloo, students will engage with researchers at Perimeter Institute, where they will have opportunities to participate in cosmology seminars, workshops, and other scientific activities while benefiting from its vibrant research environment.
Skills required: Students should have a strong interest in physics, astronomy, mathematics, or related fields. Familiarity with undergraduate-level calculus, classical mechanics, statistics, and basic programming (preferably Python) is desirable. Prior coursework in astrophysics, cosmology, data analysis, or computational physics would be beneficial but is not required. The project is suitable for motivated students with strong quantitative and problem-solving skills who are interested in learning scientific computing and exploring modern topics in cosmology, gravitational-wave astronomy, and astrophysics.
44. Mathematical Model of Malaria Dynamics: Integrating Human Behavior, Vaccination Strategies, and Climate Velocity
Malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a significant health challenge, particularly in tropical regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global efforts to control and eradicate the disease, it continues to cause numerous cases and deaths annually. This research opportunity invites a student to develop and analyze a sophisticated mathematical model of malaria dynamics. The model will incorporate human behavioral dynamics, vaccination strategies, climate velocity effects, and seasonal variations in mosquito biting rates to comprehensively study the complex interplay of factors influencing the spread of malaria. Relevant data for this research can be accessed at: https://acadic.org/africa-in-data/
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is community-oriented artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and data science for infectious disease prevention, preparedness, and response. I develop AI-enabled and mathematical modeling approaches to support public health decision-making, with an emphasis on epidemic dynamics, behavioral responses, vaccination strategies, climate and environmental drivers, and health equity. This research integrates epidemiological data, climate-informed modelling, and community-relevant analytics to address infectious disease challenges in Canada, Africa, and the Global South, while supporting resilient health systems and equitable outbreak response.
Student roles: (1) The student will develop and analyze a mathematical model of malaria transmission that incorporates human behavior, vaccination strategies, climate velocity, and seasonal mosquito biting rates. (2) They will construct systems of differential equations, run simulations, and interpret results to understand the dynamics of malaria spread. (3) The student will also source and integrate relevant epidemiological and climate data from open-access repositories such as https://acadic.org/africa-in-data/. (4) They will prepare visualizations and contribute to academic writing and presentations. (5) The role requires independent initiative, regular collaboration with supervisors, and potential engagement with international research partners across the Global South.
Skills required: (1) The ideal student will have a strong background in mathematical modeling, particularly in infectious disease dynamics and differential equations. (2) Experience with compartmental models (e.g., SIR/SEIR), and proficiency in simulation tools such as MATLAB, Python, or R is essential. (3) Familiarity with epidemiological concepts, vaccination strategies, and environmental drivers like climate velocity is preferred. (4) The student should be capable of analyzing seasonal variations and integrating real-world data from sources such as https://acadic.org/africa-in-data/. (5) Strong analytical and communication skills and the ability to work independently and collaboratively in interdisciplinary and cross-cultural research environments are required.
45. Mathematical Modelling of Measles Transmission in Canada
This project will develop mathematical models of measles transmission in Canada to quantify outbreak risks and support strategies for restoring measles elimination. The work will focus on age- and community-specific immunity gaps, under-vaccinated clusters, and the role of imported cases in triggering local transmission.
The student will develop and analyze compartmental or related infectious disease models that capture measles transmission dynamics across relevant population groups. The project will integrate available epidemiological, demographic, vaccination, and immunity data to assess where outbreaks are most likely to occur and how they may spread across communities.
A major goal will be to evaluate targeted catch-up vaccination strategies and identify intervention approaches that can reduce outbreak risk among vulnerable or under-immunized populations. The student will run simulations, compare intervention scenarios, generate visualizations, and interpret results to inform public health decision-making. The project will produce modeling outputs, presentations, and a manuscript contributing to measles preparedness, vaccination planning, and elimination efforts in Canada.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is community-oriented artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and data science for infectious disease prevention, preparedness, and response. I develop AI-enabled and mathematical modeling approaches to support public-health decision-making, with emphasis on epidemic dynamics, behavioral responses, vaccination strategies, climate and environmental drivers, and health equity. This research integrates epidemiological data, climate-informed modelling, and community-relevant analytics to address infectious disease challenges in Canada, Africa, and the Global South, while supporting resilient health systems and equitable outbreak response.
Student roles: The student will develop and analyze mathematical models of measles transmission in Canada, focusing on immunity gaps, imported cases, under-vaccinated clusters, and targeted catch-up vaccination strategies. They will review relevant literature, source and organize epidemiological and vaccination data, formulate model equations, run simulations, evaluate outbreak-risk scenarios, and interpret results for public-health planning. The student will prepare figures, contribute to presentations and manuscript writing, and meet regularly with supervisors and interdisciplinary collaborators.
Skills required: The ideal student should have a background in mathematics, applied mathematics, epidemiology, public health, biostatistics, statistics, data science, computational biology, or a related field. Familiarity with infectious disease modeling, compartmental models, vaccination dynamics, outbreak analysis, and numerical simulation is preferred. Experience with Python, R, MATLAB, Julia, or similar tools would be an asset. Strong analytical, mathematical reasoning, coding, writing, and communication skills are required.
46. Mathematical modeling and analysis of treatments for breast cancer treatment
Supervisor: Kang-Ling Liao
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and can be classified by the expression of biomarkers, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Based on these biomarkers, BC is divided into ER-positive (ER+), HER2-positive (HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Endocrine therapy (ET) and radiation therapy (RT) are commonly used for ER+ and HER2+ BCs, but treatment resistance and tumor relapse remain major challenges. TNBC is the most aggressive subtype and often shows poor responses to current therapies, due to its lack of biomarkers.
In this project, we will develop a mathematical model incorporating the biomarkers ER and HER2 to study tumor microenvironment dynamics in breast cancer. For ER+ or HER2+ breast cancer, we will investigate the interactions among the ER, PR, and HER2 signaling pathways within the model.
Next, model calibration will be performed to estimate parameter values that allow the model outcomes to quantitatively fit experimental data. Numerical simulations will then be used to conduct synergy analyses and identify optimal treatment strategies that improve tumor reduction and reduce relapse.
We will also perform sensitivity analysis to investigate the relationships between model outcomes and parameter values. In addition, virtual patient cohorts under different conditions will be generated to study parameter distributions across different cancer cell lines and treatment protocols. These parameter distributions may help identify potential biomarkers and optimal treatment strategies.
Finally, several reduced models will be compared with the original complete model using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to identify the most plausible model. Identifiability analysis will also be performed to determine whether the parameter values can be uniquely estimated through model calibration.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on mathematical modeling and analysis of cancer immunotherapy and cellular signaling pathways. I develop various types of mathematical models to mimic the dynamics and interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) under different cancer therapies or to address specific biological questions. My modeling work involves both qualitative and quantitative studies. In cancer studies, we use model predictions to evaluate potential treatment strategies, aiming to design optimal personalized treatment protocols or identify biomarkers for therapies. For cellular signaling pathways, our works help filter hypotheses and identify unknown factors, and predict the behavior of mutations under specific stimuli.
Student roles: 1. Read and present the related experimental and/or modeling papers 2. Create mathematical models: PDE models (fixed or free boundary) or ODE models 3. Find experimental evidence to support the assumption of the models 4. Write the Matlab codes to generate the numerical solution for the created models 5. Perform the model calibration for data fitting 6. Numerical simulation i) Model validation to the experimental data Use the Matlab coding to generate accurate numerical solution and adjust the parameter values based on the experimental data, numerical outcome to provide the qualitative fitting. After having this result, the intern needs to explain the finding from the simulation in the Latex file and also create the high-resolution pdf files for these numerical results. ii) Numerical prediction- synergy analysis / treatment protocol design test different combinations of treatment dosages and schedule to generate a heat map for this synergy analysis. iii) Sensitivity analysis Use the Latin hypercube sampling to generate at least 10000 samples and then calculate their partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs) and p-value corresponding to the tumor outcome. 7. Bifurcation analysis 8. Analyze the dynamics of the model 9. Use Latex to write the manuscript for this project
Skills required: 1. Programming skills for Matlab 2. Modeling skills for ODE or PDE models 3. Know how to generate numerical solutions for ODE or PDE model by using Matlab 4. Willing to learn some biological data / background 5. Analysis skills for ODE model, including existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of solution, positive invariant set, local stability of equilibria, bifurcation analysis 6. Use Latex for manuscript editing
47. Mathematical modeling and analysis of treatments for triple-negative breast cancer
Supervisor: Kang-Ling Liao
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and can be classified by the expression of biomarkers, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Based on these biomarkers, BC is divided into ER-positive (ER+), HER2-positive (HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Endocrine therapy (ET) and radiation therapy (RT) are commonly used for ER+ and HER2+ BCs, but treatment resistance and tumor relapse remain major challenges.
Unlike most breast cancer cells, TNBC does not express any of the key biomarkers, making RT and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) potentially more effective treatment options than the commonly used Endocrine Therapy (ET). However, treatment challenges for TNBC include the low response rate of ICIs and relapse induced by RT.
In this project, we will investigate the mechanisms and dynamics of TNBC based on experimental literature to identify potential biomarkers. Using these biomarkers, we will construct mathematical models to capture the tumor dynamics and perform model calibration to determine optimal parameter sets that allow the model solutions to quantitatively fit experimental data. Next, we will apply the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to identify the most plausible model. The selected model will then be used for numerical simulations to design optimal personalized treatment protocols. We will also perform sensitivity analysis to investigate the relationships between model outcomes and parameter values. In addition, virtual patient cohorts under different conditions will be generated to study parameter distributions across different cancer cell lines and treatment strategies. These parameter distributions may help identify potential biomarkers and optimal treatment protocols.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on mathematical modeling and analysis of cancer immunotherapy and cellular signaling pathways. I develop various types of mathematical models to mimic the dynamics and interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) under different cancer therapies or to address specific biological questions. My modeling work involves both qualitative and quantitative studies. In cancer studies, we use model predictions to evaluate potential treatment strategies, aiming to design optimal personalized treatment protocols or identify biomarkers for therapies. For cellular signaling pathways, our works help filter hypotheses and identify unknown factors, and predict the behavior of mutations under specific stimuli.
Student roles: Read and present the related experimental and/or modeling papers 2. Create mathematical models: PDE models (fixed or free boundary) or ODE models 3. Find experimental evidence to support the assumption of the models 4. Write the Matlab codes to generate the numerical solution for the created models 5. Perform the model calibration for data fitting 6. Numerical simulation i) Model validation to the experimental data Use the Matlab coding to generate accurate numerical solution and adjust the parameter values based on the experimental data, numerical outcome to provide the qualitative fitting. After having this result, the intern needs to explain the finding from the simulation in the Latex file and also create the high-resolution pdf files for these numerical results. ii) Numerical prediction- synergy analysis / treatment protocol design test different combinations of treatment dosages and schedule to generate a heat map for this synergy analysis. iii) Sensitivity analysis Use the Latin hypercube sampling to generate at least 10000 samples and then calculate their partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs) and p-value corresponding to the tumor outcome. 7. Bifurcation analysis 8. Analyze the dynamics of the model 9. Use Latex to write the manuscript for this project
Skills required: 1. Programming skills for Matlab 2. Modeling skills for ODE or PDE models 3. Know how to generate numerical solutions for ODE or PDE model by using Matlab 4. Willing to learn some biological data / background 5. Analysis skills for ODE model, including existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of solution, positive invariant set, local stability of equilibria, bifurcation analysis 6. Use Latex for manuscript editing
48. Mathematical modelling and control of wildfire
With climate change impacting local and global communities, it is evident that the escalating threat of wildfires has become a critical concern, both from an environmental and urban perspective. Indeed, as fire approaches urban areas, it lead to hazardous air quality levels and significant property damage.
Climate change plays a pivotal role in amplifying wildfire risks. Rising global temperatures contribute to drier vegetation and extended fire seasons, creating ideal conditions for wildfires to ignite and spread rapidly. Historical data indicates that warmer periods are associated with increased fire activity, underscoring the direct correlation between climate change and wildfire prevalence.
Given these heightened risks, it is imperative to develop advanced decision-support systems for firefighting operations, in a way to enhance their efficacy in safeguarding urban areas as well as the environment.
By integrating real-time data analytics, predictive modeling and decision-making, and strategic resource allocation, these tools empower firefighting teams to make informed decisions, ultimately mitigating the impact of wildfires on communities.
The goal of the project is to analyze a mathematical model of wildfire dynamics and to investigate optimal strategies for wildfire mitigation and extinction.
The mathematical model describes the wildfire dynamics taking into account the morphology of the environment, weather conditions, and the actions implemented as part of the firefighting operations.
The project will focus on both the theoretical and numerical analysis of the associated control system. The control system consists of a system of coupled partial differential equation (PDE) and ordinary differential equations.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research interests focus on control and optimization for dynamical systems, and their application to engineering and life science. I use methods at the intersection of differential equations, control and optimization theory, dynamical systems, and numerical analysis. This broad range of techniques finds application to stability and optimal control of dynamical systems; model predictive control; parameters’ estimation; the mathematical foundation of machine learning; stochastic optimal control and mathematical finance; the distribution of utilities over grids; optimal irrigation strategies and wastewater management; and the control of epidemics and pest management, as for the project described below.
Student roles: The research project aims to provide a meaningful research experience to the student in an engrossing work environment. The student will engage in tasks typical to a research initiative in applied mathematics: studying the state-of-the-art literature and performing a comparative analysis among different contributions; familiarization with the research subject and its standard techniques; analyzing new problems by applying the acquired knowledge; developing theoretical computations or numerical simulations to derive desired conclusions from the system under consideration; and writing a report to describe the methodology of the analysis and the findings of the research activity. Assigned tasks may be oriented towards theoretical or numerical aspects of the problem, dependent on the background and preferences of the student. Work will be performed with the supervisor. The project does not include any lab experiments nor field work.
The student is expected to be eager to apply mathematical modelling techniques to describe wildfire dynamics and wildfire mitigation strategies, to have a proactive attitude in the daily research tasks and to communicate effectively with the team.
At the beginning of the internship, the student will benefit from two one-to-one meetings a week with the supervisor. After the first few weeks of the internship, the plan is to reduce the frequency of one-to-one meetings to one per week. During the meetings with the supervisor, both high-level and technical aspects of the problem will be addressed.
Additionally, the student will join the weekly meetings of the research group in control theory within the Department of Applied Mathematics of the University of Waterloo. The research group provides a diverse and inclusive environment counting 3 faculty members, 3 postdocs, 6 PhDs and 12 master's students. This will provide the student with an opportunity to engage with different topics in the same research area and interact with senior students.
Skills required: The interested student should have a background in mathematics, physics or engineering, with a propensity for differential equations, mathematical modelling, and control theory.
The student is expected to be familiar with either theoretical or numerical aspects of partial and ordinary differential equations. In terms of coding skills, suitable programming skills in either Matlab or Python language are beneficial. Inclination to work in a team is key, as well as effective time management and good communication skills.
Previous exposure to problems in control theory, mathematical modelling, and application to environmental science would be a plus.
49. Mathematical modelling of pest management strategies
As we witness the effects of climate change on agriculture at a global scale, more challenges arise in ensuring the sustainability of food production for the world population. This global phenomenon has a direr impact at a local scale on developing countries and fragile environments and their communities. In this context, it is crucial to optimize resources in agriculture and to explore the effectiveness of biological interventions, reducing if not repealing the use of chemical pesticides, larvicides, and their negative impact on the water-soil health and on the whole ecosystem.
The goal of the project is to analyze different mathematical models of pest dynamics in agriculture and to investigate optimal pest management strategies. Biological control interventions that can be modeled include the use of SIT (further described in the additional material section) or parasitoids. The model describes the interaction between the environment, the species at risk (usually trees or plants), and the pest (either a species of insects or a virus transmitted by a species of insects that plays the role of the transmission vector).
The project will be focused on the theoretical and numerical analysis of the associated control system via impulsive controls. The control system consists of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, where the release of sterile insects in the environment plays the role of the control action. This mathematical framework is suitable to analyze this class of mitigation strategy by means of classical methods in control theory. We will thus study stability and controllability properties of the system, as well as perform feedback design of optimal strategies. Suitable numerical schemes will be developed for the system under consideration, that will allow to compute reliable and efficient mitigation strategies tailored to each specific environmental setting.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research interests focus on control and optimization for dynamical systems, and their application to engineering and life science. I use methods at the intersection of differential equations, control and optimization theory, dynamical systems, and numerical analysis. This broad range of techniques finds application to stability and optimal control of dynamical systems; model predictive control; parameters’ estimation; the mathematical foundation of machine learning; stochastic optimal control and mathematical finance; the distribution of utilities over grids; optimal irrigation strategies and wastewater management; and the control of epidemics and pest management, as for the project described below.
Student roles: The research project aims to provide a meaningful research experience to the student in an engrossing work environment. The student will engage in tasks typical to a research initiative in applied mathematics: studying the state-of-the-art literature and performing a comparative analysis among different contributions; familiarization with the research subject and its standard techniques; analyzing new problems by applying the acquired knowledge; developing theoretical computations or numerical simulations to derive desired conclusions from the system under consideration; and writing a report to describe the methodology of the analysis and the findings of the research activity. Assigned tasks may be oriented towards theoretical or numerical aspects of the problem, dependent on the background and preferences of the student. Work will be performed with the supervisor. The project does not include any lab experiments nor field work.
The student is expected to be eager to apply mathematical modelling techniques to describe pest management strategies, to have a proactive attitude in the daily research tasks and to communicate effectively with the team.
At the beginning of the internship, the student will benefit from two one-to-one meetings a week with the supervisor. After the first few weeks of the internship, the plan is to reduce the frequency of one-to-one meetings to one per week. During the meetings with the supervisor, both high-level and technical aspects of the problem will be addressed.
Additionally, the student will join the weekly meetings of the research group of the supervisor within the Department of Applied Mathematics at the University of Waterloo. The research group provides a diverse and inclusive environment counting 3 faculty members, 3 postdocs, 6 PhDs and 12 master's students. This will provide the student with an opportunity to engage with different topics in the same research area and interact with senior students.
Skills required: The interested student should have a background in mathematics, physics or engineering, with a propensity for differential equations, mathematical modelling, and control theory.
The student is expected to be familiar with either theoretical or numerical aspects of ordinary differential equations. In terms of coding skills, suitable programming skills in either Matlab or Python language are beneficial. Inclination to work in a team is key, as well as effective time management and good communication skills.
Previous exposure to problems in control theory, mathematical modelling, knowledge of partial differential equations, or applications to environmental science would be a plus.
50. Mathematical modelling of the interactions between infectious disease dynamics and human behaviour
Supervisor: Chadi Saad-Roy
University: University of British Columbia (Vancouver campus)
As seen throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, infectious disease can affect human behaviour and shape individual decision-making. At the same time, this decision-making can directly affect transmission. To capture these interactions, evolutionary game theoretic and epidemiological models can be coupled. This project will build on prior work (Traulsen, Levin, and Saad-Roy, PNAS 2023; Saad-Roy and Traulsen PNAS 2023; Flores, Azevedo-Lopes, Saad-Roy, Traulsen npj Complexity 2025) to further explore these interactions (see also Saad-Roy et al. Trends in Microbiology 2025 for a broader perspective).
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am a mathematical biologist who specializes in infectious disease dynamics. My work is at the intersection of applied mathematics, theoretical biology, and ecology & evolution. I develop mathematical models in a variety of contexts, which include pathogen evolution, immuno-epidemiology, behavioural-epidemiology, and economic-epidemiology. The models I develop are generally systems of nonlinear differential equations, and which I then analyze analytically and/or numerically. Throughout, I use these models to seek and explain biological insight and intuition.
Student roles: The student will analyze a mathematical model that couples human behaviour with epidemiological dynamics. This will be analytical, but likely at least partly numerical as well. They will be expected to generate figures that summarize their mathematical/computational results.
The student will also be expected to have regular meetings with the supervisor, and to attend all weekly group meetings. They will also be expected to interact with other members of the research group (especially those working on related projects).
Skills required: Knowledge of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, linear algebra, and computer programming is essential. Familiarity with mathematical modelling and/or knowledge of biological concepts (e.g., infectious disease or ecology/evolution) are considered assets.
51. Mathematical models for host-pathogen immuno-epidemiology
Supervisor: Chadi Saad-Roy
University: University of British Columbia (Vancouver campus)
Host immune responses can shape medium- and long-term population-level trajectories of pathogens. As discussed extensively for SARS-CoV-2, a number of characteristics, such as the strength and duration of immunity following recovery (Saad-Roy*, Wagner* et al., Science 2020), vaccine dosing regimes (Saad-Roy et al., Science 2021) the accumulation of immunity (Saad-Roy et al., J R Soc Interface 2023), severity-blocking immunity (Saad-Roy et al. PLoS Comp Biol 2024), or vaccine nationalism (Wagner*, Saad-Roy* et al., Science 2021) can affect these trajectories. Dose-dependent immunity may also enhance the control potential of nonpharmaceutical interventions (Saad-Roy et al. Communications Medicine 2026). This project will build on these previous works to further investigate the roles of various immune uncertainties on the dynamics of pathogens (potentially including SARS-CoV-2) immuno-epidemiology, and may include behavioural or economic perspectives also.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am a mathematical biologist who specializes in infectious disease dynamics. My work is at the intersection of applied mathematics, theoretical biology, and ecology & evolution. I develop mathematical models in a variety of contexts, which include pathogen evolution, immuno-epidemiology, behavioural-epidemiology, and economic-epidemiology. The models I develop are generally systems of nonlinear differential equations, and which I then analyze analytically and/or numerically. Throughout, I use these models to seek and explain biological insight and intuition.
Student roles: The student will analyze a mathematical model that couples immunological and epidemiological dynamics. This will be analytical, but likely at least partly numerical as well. They will be expected to generate figures that summarize their mathematical/computational results.
The student will also be expected to have regular meetings with the supervisor, and to attend all weekly group meetings. They will also be expected to interact with other members of the research group (especially those working on related projects).
Skills required: Knowledge of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, linear algebra, and computer programming is essential. Familiarity with mathematical modelling and/or knowledge of biological concepts (e.g., infectious disease or ecology/evolution) are considered assets.
52. Mathematical models for self-collective behaviour
Supervisor: Razvan Fetecau
University: Simon Fraser University (Burnaby campus)
Due to their wide range of applications, mathematical models of aggregation/swarming phenomena have received a surge of interest in recent years. One of the main goals of
such research is to understand how self-collective behaviours emerge in groups of autonomous agents with no leader or external coordination. Such behaviours occur for instance in natural swarms (e.g., flocks of birds or schools of fish), as well as in artificial mobile agents (e.g., robots). Nevertheless, despite the extensive research on such models in Euclidean spaces, very little has been done for aggregation models posed on arbitrary surfaces or manifolds. Such formulations would be required for instance in applications of swarming models in engineering (robotics), where individual agents/robots are restricted by environment or mobility constraints to remain on a certain manifold. Another recent application is in the area of machine learning, where the self-attention mechanism utilized in transformer architecture is modelled as an interacting particle system on sphere.
The proposed project regards theoretical and numerical investigations of an aggregation model on surfaces and Riemannian manifolds. The model consists of an aggregation-diffusion equation for the macroscopic population density, where the interactions are modelled via an interaction potential. Though the model is expressed as a partial differential equation (PDE), there is also a discrete/individual-based formulation of the model as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that enables direct numerical experiments. The model without diffusion has been demonstrated so far for the sphere, the hyperbolic space, and the rotation group. The project aims for a better (analytical and numerical) understanding of the long-time behaviour and equilibrium solutions of this aggregation model. One direction could be further investigations on the model set up on simple manifolds such as the sphere, with a direct application to machine learning (transformers).
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research involves theoretical and numerical investigations of mathematical models for aggregation/swarming phenomena. While such phenomena arise in a variety of areas, we are particularly interested in applications of these models to machine learning (transformers), population biology (swarming or flocking of animals) and robotics. Various mathematical models exist in the literature, ranging from particle-based (ODE) to kinetic and continuum (PDE) descriptions. Most of these formulations lead to nonlinear and nonlocal differential equations which are challenging to analyze and simulate.
Student roles: As noted above, the student will perform numerical and analytical investigations of an aggregation model on surfaces and manifolds. Depending on the strengths of the student, there are various directions that this project can evolve along. There would be excellent opportunities for a numerically-inclined student, as well as for a student interested in analysis. An incomplete list of various issues that can be studied in this project is: i) investigate numerically various interaction potentials, along with the equilibria that they yield; ii) set up the model on various manifolds (e.g, sphere and matrix manifolds, commonly used in machine learning and engineering applications); iii) look into the role of curvature in the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions; iv) investigate the long time behaviour of solutions in terms of the diffusion strength.
Skills required: The student should have a solid mathematical training, in particular in analysis and differential geometry. The student should also be familiar with basic numerical analysis (e.g., basic numerical linear algebra and numerical integration of ODEs). Some experience with coding in Matlab is strongly desired.
53. Mathematical models to understand the effects of long-term effects after recovery, including disease-induced mortality
Supervisor: Chadi Saad-Roy
University: University of British Columbia (Vancouver campus)
Infectious disease can affect individuals long after recovery (e.g. Long COVID).These effects can take many forms, and include elevated mortality after recovery, i.e., post-infection mortality (PIM). Recent work has studied the epidemiological impacts of PIM and revealed that PIM can cause long-term epidemiological oscillations (Saad-Roy et al., Proc R Soc B 2023), and examined the interactions with characteristics of immunity (Saad-Roy et al., PLoS Complex Syst 2025). Subsequent work (Saad-Roy et al., Proc R Soc B 2024) examined the evolution of PIM. However, many questions surrounding PIM, its evolution, and its effects on population dynamics remain. This is also true of other long-term consequences of pathogens after host recovery. To investigate these, mathematical models will be needed. This project will build on these initial studies to develop models for the exploration of either the epidemiological effects and/or the evolutionary dynamics of PIM and/or other long-term effects.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am a mathematical biologist who specializes in infectious disease dynamics. My work is at the intersection of applied mathematics, theoretical biology, and ecology & evolution. I develop mathematical models in a variety of contexts, which include pathogen evolution, immuno-epidemiology, behavioural-epidemiology, and economic-epidemiology. The models I develop are generally systems of nonlinear differential equations, and which I then analyze analytically and/or numerically. Throughout, I use these models to seek and explain biological insight and intuition.
Student roles: The student will analyze a mathematical model. This will be analytical, but likely at least partly numerical as well. They will be expected to generate figures that summarize their mathematical/computational results.
The student will also be expected to have regular meetings with the supervisor, and to attend all weekly group meetings. They will also be expected to interact with other members of the research group (especially those working on related projects).
Skills required: Knowledge of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, linear algebra, and computer programming is essential. Familiarity with mathematical modelling and/or knowledge of biological concepts (e.g., infectious disease or ecology/evolution) are considered assets.
A lot of focus in theoretical ecology has been on equilibria and absorbing sets, but there is growing interest in non-asymptotic behaviours that last for a very long time. Models of fishing systems may feature "population collapses" wherein biomass can temporarily crash to very low levels despite strict management efforts. Epidemiological models can produce a prolonged period of low disease incidence called a "honeymoon period" after the onset of mass vaccination efforts that ends with a resurgence. These transient phenomena have been observed in data persisting for decades. Our aim is to expand our theoretical framework on long transient dynamics with a focus on those arising in ecological systems. This work involves techniques in nonlinear analysis of various types of differential equation systems.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am broadly interested in delay differential equations, including state-dependent delay differential equations and numerical methods for approximating solutions of DDEs. I am also interested in many fields of mathematical modeling, and particularly in transient dynamics such as the honeymoon period of disease systems after the start of mass vaccination campaigns.
Student roles: We will begin by preparing a modern review of transient dynamics, including both theory and applications. The focus will be in systems of ordinary differential equations, but we will also make connections to delay equations and stochastic systems. Depending on the interest of the student, we can also work on further developing the theory of transient centers (Liu and Magpantay 2022) or developing software packages for detecting interesting transient dynamics.
Skills required: Background in applied dynamical systems (ODEs, numerical methods)
55. Mathematics of Scientific Machine Learning
Supervisor: Christoph Ortner
University: University of British Columbia (Vancouver campus)
The overarching aim of the wider research programme is to develop machine-learning methods for coarse-graining physical laws, for example the laws of interaction between atoms and electrons. Mathematically speaking, this work builds on computational approximation methods, inverse problems, and statistical methods, as opposed to traditional "ad hoc" modelling.
A paradigm example are interatomic potentials and force fields: while traditionally thought of as ad hoc mechanistic models, there is now a major push towards a new generation based on machine-learning methodology with the aim to match them to high fidelity quantum chemistry models to within very high precision. The underlying electronic structure is "coarse-grained" leaving only mechanical response to describe. The general ideas and much of the fundamental methodology apply to a wide range of scenarios. Other topics of current interest include: solving the electronic Schrödinger equation, learning coarse-grained electronic structure models, or coarse-grained dynamical systems.
This project will focus on theoretical understanding of ML methods in this general context. The work can be either purely analytical, purely algorithmic or anything in-between. The concrete direction can be decided with the student. Possible directions include but are not limited to:
- Develop robust uncertainties: If a computed property comes with an error estimate (uncertainty) attached then this can provide confidence in a simulation. During model development, such error estimates can be used to improve the representation, training set generation or for model refinement.
- Universality (completeness) of ML architectures: Which parameters must be converged? Can we provide rates of convergence?
- Analysis of extrapolation capabilities: in scientific ML, predictions must often be made on inputs that are very different from the training dataset. We try to explain why this is usually not genuine extrapolation (i.e., not "out-of-distribution").
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I work on mathematical aspects of atomistic simulation, coarse-graining, multi-scale modelling and machine learning. My research is highly interdisciplinary, ranging from rigorous mathematical analysis to model development. At the theoretical end I develop and analyze mathematically formalised models and numerical algorithms. At the applied end, I collaborate closely with modellers to use new mathematical ideas in the development of practical models for materials and molecules. A current focus is the usage of machine-learning and data-science tools in the context of coarse-graining and multi-scale modelling, across all scales from elementary particles to continuum mechanics.
Student roles: (1) Initial background reading and introduction to the subject. (2) Student and advisor will narrow the project down to a specific task involving a new method that fills a gap in our current methodology. At the same time the student and advisor will formulate a range of benchmark problems ranging from academic examples to realistic modelling scenarios. (3) Testing of existing methodology on the benchmark problems to gain experience and provide a baseline. (4) Development, implementation, numerical testing of new error prediction algorithms. (5) Optionally develop rigorous mathematical analysis of new algorithms for a mathematically more ambitious project. (6) Document project, first as a report with the aim of incorporating it into a publication within the wider research programme; and secondly, document any new codes that have been written.
Supervision arrangements: - The student will normally meet weekly with the advisor, join weekly group meetings, and normally also be paired with a graduate student or postdoc for additional support. - The student will be embedded in an applied mathematics research group at UBC, and in addition have the opportunity to collaborate with modelling research groups around the world, e.g., in Cambridge, Warwick, Bochum. - The student will be provided with access to required computing infrastructure.
Skills required: BACKGROUND: The student will have a strong background in one of - computational mathematics, numerical analysis, scientific computing, inverse problems - machine-learning - computational statistics, baysian statistics, uncertainty quantification
MOTIVATION: The student should be motivated - to contribute to interdisciplinary research project and be open to engage in cross-disciplinary collaborations. - and have the confidence to drive the direction of the research (with help and close guidance by the advisor)
CODE DEVELOPMENT: - Some programming experience is essential. The advisor and research group will help the student in contributing to our existing code base if and as needed.
A goal of this project is to identify matrix patterns which allow for certain classes of eigenvalues. The patterns may be sign patterns, or zero-nonzero patterns: a sign pattern is a matrix A with entries from {0,+,-} having an associated class of real matrices {B | sign(B_{i,j}=A_{i,j} for all i,j}; a zero-nonzero pattern has entries from {0,*} with an associated class of real matrices {B| B_{i,j}=0 if A_{i,j}=0}. For example, there is literature available for some sign patterns (and nonzero patterns) which allow for nilpotence; which allow stability (all eigenvalues with negative real part); which allow all possible inertia; and which allow all possible spectra.
Characterizing these various patterns is an open problem. Exploring eigenvalues of matrix patterns has its roots in economic modelling, but has also been explored, for example, in relation to mathematical ecology, epidemiology, and stability of chemical reactions.
The student would use tools from graph theory, matrix theory, and real analysis to help classify small order patterns and make conjectures
about combinatorial structures related to the patterns. The student would use software, such as Sage, to help analyze certain patterns.
Working with the supervisors, the student would also work on providing proofs for their conjectures.
This project would be supervised by Dr. Adam Van Tuyl (McMaster) and Dr. Kevin Vander Meulen (Redeemer and adjunct at McMaster). We
have worked on similar problems with students in the past. Please see Dr. Van Tuyl's webpage for some of our past work.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: This project would be jointly supervised by Dr. Adam Van Tuyl (McMaster) and Dr. Kevin Vander Meulen (Redeemer and adjunct at McMaster). Dr. Van Tuyl's main area of interest is commutative algeba and its applications to combinatorics. Dr. Vander Meulen is interested in combinatorial matrix theory, that is, using results from combinatorics, like graph theory, to prove results about matrices. They have worked together on a number of projects with undergraduates, including past Mitacs projects, and have co-authored research articles with students.
Student roles: For this project, it is expected that the student would help the project in the following ways:
1) Search the literature for relevant research articles. This search would include using online academic databases (e.g. MathSciNet), and using the McMaster science library.
2) Understand the definition of a matrix pattern and related concepts (this will be explained to the student during the first few weeks of the program).
3) Once the definitions are understood, formulate new examples and conjectures using specialized computer programs (like Sage).
4) The student would be expected to write up their results using LaTeX (this will be taught to the student).
5) When possible, the student will help prove some of their conjectures.
The student will interact with the professor and likely another undergraduate student, as a team approach to the research problem. The student will also participate in writing up any results discovered over the research term.
Skills required: The ideal student will have the following skills/background:
* A course in linear algebra (in particular, he or she will have covered eignenvalues and eigenvectors) * Some programming experience (any language)
In addition, a course in discrete mathematics or graph theory would be an asset, but it is not required. We would provide the necessary background.
57. Medications and brain rhythms recorded with routine clinical electroencephalography
Supervisor: Vasily Vakorin
University: Simon Fraser University (Surrey campus)
This project aims to systematically investigate how commonly prescribed medications impact brain rhythms as detected by routine clinical electroencephalography (EEG). Leveraging established academic-clinical collaborations, this initiative will use an extensive and unique dataset of EEG recordings from four British Columbia hospitals, complete with corresponding clinical reports and detailed information on prescribed medications. The central goal is to understand and quantify how these medications modulate baseline neural oscillations, which can introduce confounding effects that complicate neurological evaluation and the accurate interpretation of EEG for diagnosing underlying conditions.
The primary objective is to develop and validate statistical and machine learning models that characterize and quantify how specific medications or medication classes alter quantitative EEG features. While the ultimate clinical goal is accurate diagnosis of neurological conditions, this project focuses on a critical preceding step: disentangling medication-induced EEG changes from those indicative of primary pathology. By understanding the "EEG signature" of various medications, we can better account for their influence. This project leverages a large, diverse dataset to develop robust models that identify medication-specific EEG alterations. Your core role will be to work with this clinical EEG database to systematically analyze the associations between quantitative EEG parameters and the medication profiles of patients.
This project is an integral part of a larger, ambitious research initiative that unites several leading research institutions and public hospitals around the wealth of data generated by routine clinical EEG. These public hospitals produce a continuous stream of valuable neurological information (EEG time series, expert reports, diagnoses, medication lists). A core focus of this broader initiative is the development and application of cutting-edge data science tools, which push the boundaries of how we analyze brain data in clinical neurophysiology and advance healthcare by enabling more nuanced, data-driven insights into brain function and dysfunction.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research program is dedicated to translating insights derived from non-invasive neuroimaging modalities, specifically electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), into clinically relevant applications for brain disorders. Leveraging my dual affiliation as a scientist at Simon Fraser University and within local public hospitals, I explore how variability and pathological alterations in these brain signals manifest across diverse neurological populations and throughout typical development and ageing processes. A central aim is to elucidate the functional correlates of this neurophysiological variability, with the ultimate goal of developing and validating clinically translatable computational methods that enhance diagnostic accuracy.
Student roles: The student intern's primary responsibility will be to analyze associations between medications and electroencephalograms (EEGs) from an extensive clinical database. This will involve employing advanced statistical techniques (largely in Python), including predictive analytics and machine learning models, to identify correlations and potential predictive relationships. Key tasks include data preprocessing, feature extraction, model development, and validation of analytical pipelines. A significant component of this role involves disseminating research outcomes. The intern will be expected to contribute substantially to, and potentially lead, the preparation of a research manuscript suitable for peer-reviewed publication. This will entail articulating the study's rationale, methodology, results, and their broader scientific implications. Furthermore, the intern will actively collaborate with other students and researchers within the broader research initiative focused on clinical EEG and data science applications. This collaborative engagement is crucial for exchanging knowledge, addressing methodological challenges, and advancing the collective development of AI tools in clinical neurophysiology and healthcare.
Skills required: The ideal candidate for this internship will possess a strong academic background in a quantitative discipline. This typically includes fields such as Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Physics, Engineering, or a closely related area with a significant analytical component, providing the foundational knowledge necessary for complex data analysis and modeling. Familiarity with Python is beneficial, as it will be the primary tool for data manipulation, analysis, and algorithm implementation within this project. Furthermore, the candidate should have an understanding of statistical principles and techniques. Prior experience applying machine learning concepts, even in academic coursework or personal projects, would be advantageous.
In this project, the students will study the literature on microwave quantum computing using trapped ions, specifically Ytterbium. One student will focus on the hardware and the other on the software. At the end of the internship, the students will be able to produce a white paper to advice future research on this topic. This white paper will be used to develop collaborations with companies that are working on trapped-ion quantum computing.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research is broadly on the development of theoretical and computational models to describe the interaction of light with atoms, molecules and nanostructures. It is at the intersection of quantum control, quantum optics, quantum computing, quantum sensing, and ultrafast science. We work on multiple platforms such as trapped-ions, Rydberg atoms, quantum dots, atoms in cavities, etc. Applications include designing quantum sensors for sensitive bio/chemo marker detection, developing protocols for advancing quantum information, and modelling high-harmonic generation from solids.
Student roles: The student will study the literature on microwave quantum computing using trapped ions, specifically Ytterbium. They will meet with me at least weekly to discuss their progress and present their plans. They will create an end of internship report, and present a poster at the Quantum Day symposium.
Skills required: Third/Fourth year course in quantum mechanics, including quantized harmonic oscillator creation and annihilation operator formalism. Good communication skills
59. Modeling Competition and Pricing in Pharmaceutical Markets
Supervisor: Soodabeh Asadi Dezaki
University: University of Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown campus)
Many healthcare systems use pricing policies to encourage competition among manufacturers of generic medicines. One commonly used approach is tiered pricing, where the reimbursement price of a drug depends on the number of competing suppliers in the market. Although such policies are widely used, their long-term effects on market entry, competition, healthcare expenditures, and social outcomes are not fully understood.
The goal of this project is to develop and analyze mathematical models that examine how pricing and reimbursement policies influence pharmaceutical competition. The student will explore questions such as: How do firms decide whether to enter a market? How does competition affect prices over time? What pricing structures encourage competition while maintaining a reliable drug supply? How do different policy designs influence healthcare costs and patient access to medicines?
Depending on the student's background and interests, the project may involve literature review, mathematical modeling, optimization, simulation, computational experiments, and analysis of real-world pharmaceutical pricing policies. The project is designed to provide hands-on research experience while introducing students to applications of mathematics and analytics in healthcare decision-making.
The results may contribute to a better understanding of pharmaceutical markets and help inform the design of pricing policies that balance affordability, competition, and sustainability.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: This project is in the area of operations research, health economics, and mathematical modeling. It focuses on how pricing and reimbursement policies influence competition among pharmaceutical companies and affect healthcare costs. The project combines analytical modeling, optimization, simulation, and data analysis to study decision-making in healthcare systems. Students will gain exposure to mathematical modeling techniques and learn how quantitative methods can be used to evaluate policy and business decisions in regulated markets.
Student roles: The student will participate in a research project investigating pricing and competition in pharmaceutical markets. Responsibilities may include reviewing academic literature, summarizing research findings, developing mathematical models, conducting computational experiments, analyzing results, and assisting with the preparation of reports and research documents.
The student will work closely with the supervisor through regular meetings and will receive guidance on research methods, model development, and scientific communication. Depending on their interests and background, the student may contribute to simulation studies, optimization models, data analysis, or policy-oriented evaluations.
The project offers an opportunity to gain experience in quantitative research while learning how mathematical and analytical tools can be applied to real-world healthcare and policy challenges. Students will develop skills in problem solving, critical thinking, research communication, and computational analysis that are valuable for both graduate studies and industry careers.
Skills required: Students from mathematics, statistics, analytics, economics, and industrial engineering, or related fields, are encouraged to apply. Familiarity with calculus, basic probability, and mathematical reasoning is needed. Some programming experience (Python or Mathematica) is desirable but not required. Strong analytical thinking, curiosity, and willingness to learn new quantitative methods are more important than prior knowledge of pharmaceutical markets.
60. Modeling Wildfire Patterns with Reaction–Diffusion Systems
Supervisor: Chunyi Gai
University: University of Northern British Columbia (Prince George campus)
Wildfires are strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of vegetation, fuel availability, and moisture. At the same time, fires reshape vegetation patterns by removing biomass and changing local environmental conditions. This suggests a natural connection between wildfire dynamics and reaction–diffusion models of ecological pattern formation. The goal of this project is to develop and analyze a simplified mathematical model for wildfire dynamics, vegetation recovery, and moisture feedback, with particular focus on the emergence of spatial patterns through diffusion-driven instability.
We propose to model three interacting quantities: fire activity (F(x,t)), vegetation or fuel density (B(x,t)), and soil moisture or water availability (W(x,t)). The first part of the project will focus on the modeling of wildfire dynamics, including how vegetation acts as fuel, how moisture suppresses fire activity, and how fire reduces vegetation density. Based on this model, we will study the spatially homogeneous dynamics, including the existence and stability of steady states. We will then perform a Turing instability analysis to identify parameter regimes in which a homogeneous steady state becomes unstable due to diffusion, leading to spatial pattern formation. Numerical simulations of the PDE system in one and two spatial dimensions will also be carried out to illustrate possible wildfire-related patterns, such as patchy vegetation, burn scars, or localized regions of fire activity.
This project will provide a mathematical framework for understanding how wildfire activity, vegetation recovery, and moisture limitation may interact to generate spatial ecological patterns. The analysis will also help distinguish between patterns driven by classical Turing instability and those generated by traveling fire fronts or transient burn scars. In the longer term, the model could be extended to include wind-driven advection, topography, nonlocal ember transport, or seasonally varying rainfall.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is applied mathematics and mathematical biology, with a focus on dynamical systems, reaction–diffusion equations, pattern formation, and stochastic modeling. I study how complex spatial and temporal patterns arise in biological and physical systems, using tools from differential equations, asymptotic analysis, perturbation methods, stability theory, and numerical simulation.
In particular, my research includes the analysis of nonlinear partial differential equation(PDE) and ordinary differential equation(ODE) models, epidemic and ecological dynamics, localized patterns such as spikes and mesas, and the effects of noise, domain growth, and adaptive feedback on pattern formation and stability.
Student roles: The student will play an active role in developing and analyzing mathematical models for wildfire–vegetation–moisture interactions. They will begin by learning the background of reaction–diffusion systems, ecological pattern formation, wildfire dynamics, and Turing instability. This will provide the foundation for building a simplified model that describes the feedback between fire activity, vegetation or fuel density, and soil moisture or water availability.
I will mentor the student in carrying out mathematical analysis, including the study of spatially homogeneous steady states, linear stability, and diffusion-driven instability. In particular, the student will help derive and analyze the conditions under which a uniform steady state becomes unstable and spatial patterns may emerge. Numerical simulations will be used to support and guide the analysis. The student will implement the model in MATLAB, Python, or a similar platform, generate one- and two-dimensional simulations, explore parameter regimes, and compare homogeneous, patterned, and transient wildfire-related dynamics. They will also prepare figures to illustrate the analytical and computational findings.
Throughout the project, I will meet regularly with the student to discuss mathematical ideas, interpret simulation results, and refine the model. I will also mentor them in key academic competencies, including mathematical modeling, stability analysis, numerical experimentation, scientific visualization, and research communication. By the end of the internship, I will guide the student in summarizing the main findings in a short report or, depending on progress, a manuscript for publication.
Skills required: The student should have a background in mathematics, applied mathematics, physics, engineering, computer science, or a related quantitative field. Basic knowledge of ODEs, PDEs, numerical methods, and mathematical modeling would be helpful. Since the project involves simulations of reaction–diffusion systems, some programming experience in MATLAB, Python, or a similar language is strongly preferred. Prior knowledge of dynamical systems, ecological modeling, pattern formation, or Turing instability would be an asset, but is not required. The student should be curious, motivated to learn new mathematical and computational tools, and interested in applying mathematics to environmental and wildfire-related problems.
61. Modelling the impact of climate change on emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases in Canada
This project develops a climate-driven mathematical modeling framework to investigate the
transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases in Canada, with emphasis on West Nile virus
and Eastern equine encephalitis. The model integrates temperature-dependent mosquito life-
cycle processes, bird-vector transmission, and human infection dynamics into a unified system.
The primary objective is to incorporate climate and epidemiological data into a stage-structured
mosquito-bird-human model and estimate key parameters governing transmission. Climate data
will be obtained from Environment and Climate Change Canada, while epidemiological data will
be sourced from public health surveillance systems. These datasets will be harmonized and used
to calibrate the model against observed seasonal patterns of mosquito abundance and human
disease incidence.
Parameter estimation will be conducted using Bayesian inference techniques, enabling
uncertainty quantification and incorporation of prior knowledge. Analytical methods will be used
to derive epidemiological thresholds, including the basic reproduction number, to assess outbreak
potential. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses will identify the most influential parameters and
evaluate robustness of model predictions.
The project will also include scenario analysis to assess how temperature variability and climate
change influence transmission intensity and seasonal dynamics. By combining mechanistic
modeling with data-driven calibration, the project aims to produce a validated predictive tool for
assessing climate-driven disease risk.
The outcomes will provide quantitative insights into vector-borne disease dynamics in Canada
and support evidence-based public health strategies for surveillance, preparedness, and control.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Our research lies in mathematical epidemiology, focusing on multiscale modeling of infectious
and chronic diseases. We develop dynamical systems that integrate within-host immune dynamics,
population-level transmission, and social determinants of health, with applications to vector-
borne diseases, syndemics, and comorbidity dynamics. Our work incorporates climate-driven
processes, host-pathogen interactions, and health inequities. Methodologically, we use applied
differential equations, singular perturbation theory, and data-driven approaches such as Bayesian
inference. We also integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning, including neural
differential equations, to enhance model calibration, flexibility, and predictive capability.
Student roles: The student will play a central role in implementing, analyzing, and calibrating a climate-driven mosquito-bird-human transmission model. The internship will begin with data collection and preprocessing, where the student will compile temperature time-series data from Environment and Climate Change Canada and obtain epidemiological and mosquito surveillance data from relevant public health sources. The student will ensure consistency in temporal resolution and prepare datasets for model integration. The student will then implement the mathematical model computationally using R or MATLAB, incorporating temperature-dependent parameters governing mosquito development, survival, and transmission. A major component of the role involves parameter estimation using Bayesian inference techniques, including implementation of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to fit the model to observed data. The student will conduct sensitivity and uncertainty analyses to identify key drivers of disease dynamics and assess robustness of model predictions. They will also perform scenario analyses to evaluate the impact of temperature variability and climate change on transmission patterns. In addition, the student will contribute to model validation by comparing simulated outputs with empirical data. Documentation of methods, code development, and interpretation of results will be required throughout the project. The student will actively participate in research discussions, contribute to report writing and presentations for dissemination.
Skills required: The student should have a strong background in mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics, or a related field. Familiarity with differential equations, basic epidemiological modeling, and data analysis is required. Experience with programming in R, MATLAB, or Python is essential. Knowledge of statistical inference methods, particularly Bayesian approaches, is highly desirable. Prior exposure to infectious disease modeling, dynamical systems, or ecological modeling will be an asset. The student should also demonstrate strong analytical thinking, problem-solving ability, and scientific communication skills.
62. Network-aware Compute Placement in Cloud Computing
Cloud computing changes the way we build large-scale network services. It improves the overall system efficiency and lowers the cost of service providers through exploiting the elasticity and multiplexing introduced by the virtualization technology. To maximize the benefit out of it, many components in the system can be optimized or improved, which raises many problems to be solved theoretically and practically. VM consolidation is one of the fundamental problems, which is about how to consolidate multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) into one Physical Machine (PM). Different policies of VM consolidation would result in different system performance, such as the overall or individual running time of user tasks, as well as the system running cost. The problem attracted much research attention in the past few years and machine resources such as CPU, memory and disk are commonly considered constraints in the scheme design. Meanwhile, the limited network resources can also have a large impact on the practical performance and deserve further attention in the design, because different tasks or VMs would also compete on the network resource. For example, for a traffic-intensive task involving two VMs, it would be better to place them in the same PM, which avoids the intensive traffic injected into the data center network by them otherwise.
In this project, we would study how to design a better VM consolidation scheme with these network-related factors considered. The research involves measurement, modeling, analysis, simulation, and system prototyping.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Computer communications and networks, particularly protocol design, performance analysis and applied network security.
Student roles: The intern student will work with faculty members and graduate students, learning through the research process and helping with simulation, as well as experimenting on a testbed. For more information about the research program and the related projects, please refer to http://web.uvic.ca/~pan and the references therein.
Skills required: Interested in cloud computing and data-center networking, and having a basic knowledge on computer networks and operating systems, with a good skill in computer programming (C/C++, Java or Python). Any experience with network simulators or testbeds is a plus.
The goal of this project is to study number theory over function fields. Many results from number theory over the integers have a counterpart over function fields and these versions are generally easier to prove. One example of this is the Riemann hypothesis, a statement about the distribution of the zeroes of the Riemann zeta function. The classical version over the integers is one of the main open problems in modern mathematics and one of the seven Millennium Prize problems posed by the Clay Mathematics Institute with a prize of one million dollars each. It can be formulated as saying that the zeroes of the Riemann zeta function, which is a function of a complex variable s, all lie on the line Re(s) = 1/2. A proof or disproof of this would have far reaching implications in number theory, especially for the distribution of prime numbers.
There is an analogue of the Riemann Hypothesis in the context of zeta functions over function fields. In that case, the Riemann Hypothesis was proven by Weil in the 1940s and 1950s and a more elementary proof due to Stepanov and Bombieri was developed in the 1970s.
The second goal of the project is to extend other classical special functions to the framework of function fields and to study their properties, including their identities, special values, etc. During this internship, we will focus on multiple sums of the divisor function and other arithmetical functions.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Number theory is the study of the questions related to integral numbers: 1 ,2, 3, ...
A central question in Number Theory is the resolution of equations involving integral (or rational) numbers. Two of the most famous open problems in this area are the Riemann hypothesis and the Birch--Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture (BSD), both are included in the Seven Millennial Problems proposed by the Clay Institute. Both problems deal with properties of L-functions and the deep connections to arithmetics.
My research program lies in the study of generalizations of these conjectures.
Student roles: The student will start by learning the theory of finite fields, then basic results about polynomials defined over finite fields, then progress to the Riemann zeta function and the prime number theorem for polynomials. We will then pass to discuss Dirichlet L -series and primes in arithmetic progressions and other topics as time permits. The initial background will be covered by following the first 4-5 chapters of the book "Number Theory in Function Fields" by Rosen. We will then progress towards reading research articles in the area, such as "Moebius functions of order k in function fields" by Hwanyup Jung and "A variant of Collatz’s Conjecture over Binary Polynomials" by Luis H. Gallardo and Olivier Rahavandrainy
In order to do this, the student will meet the professor regularly (about once a week) to discuss the study topics and problems. The student may also be required to occasionally attend seminars and to interact with local students.
Skills required: It is highly recommended that the student know about finite fields and general field theory.
64. Numerical Solution of the 1D Willmore Boundary Value Problem
Supervisor: Shaun Lui
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
This project involves the numerical solution of a nonlinear differential equation containing a parameter. After discretization, the task becomes solving a system of nonlinear equations. We shall investigate several techniques to solve this system. The final goal is to plot a bifurcation diagram of the solution as the parameter varies.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Numerical analysis of partial differential equations (PDEs), optimization, numerical linear algebra, PDEs
Student roles: - learn about finite difference or spectral methods for solving differential equations - read some papers on the numerical solution of the Willmore differential equation - implement a finite difference method to solve the problem using MATLAB - determine the bifurcation diagram - time permitting, implement a spectral method to solve the problem
Skills required: The applicant should have taken courses in linear algebra, multi-variable calculus and differential equations. Those having previous exposure to numerical analysis and computer programming are strongly preferred.
65. Numerical simulations for Hybrid Quantum systems
The primary objective of this project is to measure the charging performance and stored-energy behavior of various quantum battery models in the presence of noisy environments. The project leverages numerical algorithms and machine learning models to solve the Lindblad master equation and obtain the quantum system's density state. Additionally, the effect of externally driven fields, the Kerr medium, and the Stark shift is investigated to optimize the evolution of the quantum battery. Statistical analysis metrics are implemented to demonstrate overall behavior over fixed periods, and statistical distributions verify the experimental implementation of the quantum battery models in industrial applications. Machine learning models, such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, are applied to detect the internal patterns of the battery and estimate relationships between the physical parameters of the quantum battery and statistical measurements like the mean and variance, which are crucial for real-life applications.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: This research focuses on the dynamical behavior of hybrid quantum systems, particularly interactions between electromagnetic fields and atomic systems. It spans quantum information, quantum correlations, and quantum batteries, with an emphasis on applying quantum measurements to enhance communication and energy storage applications. We have developed new protocols for quantum battery charging and investigated the role of entanglement in rapid energy transfer between qubits. More broadly, this research applies the principles of quantum mechanics to optimize quantum battery performance, including studies on environmental effects and high-dimensional quantum systems.
Student roles: The student will work as a computational researcher under the supervision of a PhD student and the faculty supervisor on projects related to quantum battery modeling and analysis. The position will provide hands-on experience in computational physics, quantum systems, data analysis, and scientific research practices. The student will contribute to the implementation and evaluation of quantum battery models using numerical simulations and data-driven analysis techniques.
Skills required: Since this project involves numerical simulation algorithms for quantum battery models, I believe that students with mathematical and physical backgrounds are welcome. Furthermore, computer science and engineering backgrounds are accepted. Knowledge of Python libraries such as Numpy, Qutip, Matplotlib, Scikit-learn, and Pandas is required. Linear algebra, differential equations, probability, and machine learning courses are beneficial.
66. Obtaining new proofs for the values of various Ramsey Numbers
Supervisor: Peruvemba Sundaram Ravi
University: Wilfrid Laurier University (Waterloo campus)
The Ramsey Number R(m,n) is the smallest number of vertices in a graph that are required to guarantee that the graph either has a clique of size m or an independent set of size n. Despite having been studied for more than eighty years, the exact values of only a handful of Ramsey numbers are known. For m equal to 3, the exact value of R(m,n) is not known for values of n larger than 9. Further, for some Ramsey numbers, only computer-assisted proofs of the values of these numbers are available.
This project seeks to develop new techniques that may be used to obtain new proofs of known values of Ramsey numbers and to determine the values of Ramsey Numbers that have not been determined yet. The objective is to develop proof techniques that are not computer-assisted and that yield relatively simple proofs.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I use discrete mathematics and deterministic operations research tools to solve scheduling problems. I also work in the area of Ramsey Theory. Specifically, I work on obtaining proofs for the values of Ramsey Numbers.
Student roles: The student will begin by reading the existing literature in the area of Ramsey numbers, including the available proofs of the known values of Ramsey numbers. Working under the guidance of the professor and using ideas developed by the professor, the student will begin by developing new proofs of known values of Ramsey numbers of the form R(3,n). These techniques will subsequently be used to obtain values for R(3,10) and other Ramsey numbers for which values are currently unknown.
Skills required: The student should be currently studying mathematics or computer science. (A background in engineering or in any other field would not be appropriate.) The student should have taken one or more courses in graph theory. Programming skills and experience would be useful but are not essential.
67. Open-Source Simulation of Passenger Flows in Metro Networks
Supervisor: Tommaso Schettini
University: Concordia University (Montréal campus)
Passenger-flow simulation is a key tool for analyzing how demand propagates through metro networks under different operating conditions. In large urban rail systems, passenger movements depend on the interaction between origin-destination demand, timetable structure, train capacities, station layouts, transfer opportunities, and route choice behavior. Accurately representing these interactions is essential for evaluating crowding, waiting times, denied boarding, transfer congestion, and capacity bottlenecks.
This project focuses on the development of an open-source simulator for assessing passenger flows in metro networks. The objective is to build a computational tool that reconstructs demand across origin-destination pairs and simulates passenger movements through stations, platforms, lines, and transfer points. The simulator will support the analysis of how different demand scenarios and service plans affect network performance.
The project will combine demand reconstruction and passenger-flow simulation. The demand reconstruction component will estimate origin-destination flows from available information, such as station entries and exits, timetable data, network topology, and observed passenger counts when available. The simulation component will then represent how passengers choose routes, wait for trains, board subject to capacity limits, transfer between lines, and exit the network. Since the tool is intended to be open source, the project will also emphasize modular software design, transparent data structures, and reproducible computational experiments.
The main tasks of the project will be to design the simulator architecture, implement the demand reconstruction module, and develop the passenger-flow simulation engine. Computational experiments will be conducted to evaluate the simulator on representative metro networks and demand scenarios. The evaluation will focus on how accurately the tool reproduces passenger flows, identifies crowding patterns, and supports the assessment of operational decisions in metro systems.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research interests are primarily in Operations Research, with a focus on optimization methods for sustainable transportation systems and public infrastructure. I work on public transit optimization, electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning, and models that incorporate realistic user behavior.
My research develops innovative Operations Research techniques for complex, real-world transportation problems. Methodologically, I combine traditional optimization tools, such as mathematical programming and combinatorial optimization, with machine learning and simulation-based optimization approaches.
Student roles: The student will contribute to the design and implementation of an open-source simulator for passenger flows in metro networks. The student will help develop the demand reconstruction module, implement the passenger-flow simulation engine, and define realistic test scenarios based on metro network structure, timetable data, station-level demand, and train capacity constraints. The student will also conduct computational experiments to evaluate how accurately the simulator reproduces passenger movements, identifies crowding patterns, and supports the analysis of waiting times, denied boarding, transfer congestion, and capacity bottlenecks.
The internship will take place at Concordia University, and the Interuniversity centre of network logistics (CIRRELT), both in Montreal. The student will be able to participate in activities (seminars etc.) at all of these places.
Skills required: Required skills/background of the student: The ideal candidate will have a strong background in operations research, industrial engineering, applied mathematics, or a related discipline. Familiarity with mathematical optimization (LP, MILP) is required. Knowledge of reliability engineering, stochastic processes, and degradation modeling is considered an asset. Experience with programming languages such as Python, MATLAB, or C++, as well as optimization solvers such as Gurobi or CPLEX, is advantageous. Exposure to heuristic or metaheuristic optimization methods is also beneficial. Most importantly, we seek a motivated and curious student with strong analytical skills and a willingness to learn.
68. Operator Learning Models for Solving Partial Differential Equations with Directionality
Supervisor: Michelle Michelle
University: University of Alberta (Edmonton campus)
Operator learning models have gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). These models learn mappings between function spaces, enabling them to approximate PDE solution operators. Once trained, an operator learning model can take PDE data (e.g., source terms, coefficients, or boundary conditions) as inputs and efficiently predict the corresponding approximate solutions. Despite their success, some operator learning models may experience a reduction in accuracy when the underlying PDE solutions exhibit strong directional features. Recent approaches, such as stochastic-depth architectures and shearlet-based neural operators, have been explored as potential ways to address these challenges. This project aims to investigate alternative strategies for improving the performance of operator learning models for PDEs whose solutions contain directional structures, with particular emphasis on problems involving multiple input functions (e.g., coefficients, source terms, and boundary data).
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: - Numerical partial differential equations (wavelet and finite difference methods for interface and wave propagation problems)
- Scientific machine learning (operator learning, hybrid models)
- Numerical linear algebra (hierarchical structured matrices)
- Applications of wavelet methods in data science
Student roles: Perform literature review, build operator learning models, and conduct extensive numerical experiments.
Skills required: - Strong scientific computing, numerical analysis, and programming skills. - Basic knowledge of partial differential equations. - Good mathematical skills (reasonably comfortable with proofs).
69. Optimal location of resources for persistence in structured population models
Supervisor: Cyrille Kenne
University: University of British Columbia (Vancouver campus)
This project will use numerical simulations to study how the spatial distribution of resources affects the persistence of structured populations. Many ecological populations live in environments where growth, survival, or reproduction depends on resources that vary across space. A central question is whether a given amount of favourable resources should be concentrated in one region, fragmented into several patches, or arranged in another spatial configuration in order to improve long-term population survival.
We will investigate this question using reaction-diffusion and structured population models in heterogeneous environments. The work will focus on numerical experiments comparing different resource arrangements, diffusion rates, growth profiles, and initial population distributions. The main outputs will include simulations of population dynamics, persistence/extinction diagrams, and visual comparisons of how resource distribution influences long-time behaviour. The project is intended as a computational exploration that may later be narrowed toward specific ecological assumptions, model structures, or management questions.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is mathematical biology, with a focus on partial differential equation models for structured populations. I study how biological populations evolve, persist, spread, or decline in heterogeneous and changing environments. My work uses tools from PDEs, long-time asymptotic analysis, optimal control, and dynamical systems to understand questions related to population persistence, spatial organization, resource distribution, and epidemic dynamics. I am particularly interested in models where ecological or epidemiological processes interact with spatial structure, environmental variation, or management strategies.
Student roles: The student will contribute to the numerical exploration of structured population models in heterogeneous environments. Their main role will be to implement and run simulations comparing different spatial arrangements of resources and studying their effects on population persistence or extinction. The student will review a small set of background materials, help formulate simple model scenarios, write or adapt numerical code, generate plots, and analyze the resulting population dynamics.
By the end of the internship, the student is expected to produce clear numerical comparisons, summarize the main observations, and prepare a short written report describing the models, methods, simulations, and conclusions. They are expected to present their work at the Math-Bio seminar. The project will be supervised regularly, but the student should be able to work independently between meetings and document their code and results clearly.
Skills required: The student should have a strong background in undergraduate mathematics, including differential equations, linear algebra, and basic numerical methods. Some familiarity with partial differential equations, reaction-diffusion models, or mathematical biology would be useful, but is not required. The project will be computational, so the student should be comfortable programming in Python, MATLAB, Julia, or a similar language, and should be able to produce clear plots and numerical comparisons.
The ideal student is interested in applying mathematics to ecological or biological questions, can work independently, and is willing to learn basic numerical techniques for simulating population models in heterogeneous environments.
70. Optimal transport between unequal dimensions
Supervisor: Xinwei Yu
University: University of Alberta (Edmonton campus)
Optimal transport has become a powerful and versatile framework for numerous problems in science and technology whenever the goals involve building up “optimal” relations between two probability measures, or, more or less equivalently for practical purposes, two functions. At the cutting edge of the development of this theory is the study of optimal transport between two functions whose natural domains are of unequal dimensions. In this project we will investigate this problem through exploring its possible connection to the theory of digraphs.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Partial differential equations; Applied analysis.
Student roles: Perform calculations at the multivariable calculus level; Conduct numerical experiments.
Skills required: Solid foundation in multivariable calculus; Basic programming skills.
71. Optimization of Metro Timetables for Large-Scale Events
Supervisor: Tommaso Schettini
University: Concordia University (Montréal campus)
Large-scale events, including concerts, professional sports games, and urban festivals, generate intense and highly concentrated travel demand over short time windows.
Metro lines serving event venues are especially affected by these events because large numbers of passengers may enter or leave the metro system in a short time window, creating a risk of overloading the system. Standard timetables, which are designed for regular daily demand, are often insufficient in this setting and may lead to platform crowding, long waiting times, and uneven use of train capacity.
This project focuses on the design of specialized metro timetables for planned large-scale events. The objective is to determine how trains should be scheduled before and after an event so that available capacity is concentrated where and when passenger demand is highest. A central feature of the project is the use of operational strategies such as short-turning, where trains reverse direction at intermediate stations instead of serving the entire line. This flexibility can increase service frequency on the most congested segments and provide a more targeted response to event-driven demand.
The project will develop a mathematical optimization model for special-event metro timetabling. The model will represent event-related passenger demand, train capacities, service frequencies, travel times, turnaround operations, and infrastructure constraints. Since realistic instances may be difficult to solve directly, the project will also design and implement a solution algorithm capable of producing high-quality event timetables within practical computation times.
The main tasks of the project will be to formulate the special-event timetabling problem, implement the optimization model, and develop an algorithmic solution approach. To validate the results, computational experiments will be conducted to evaluate how specialized event timetables improve passenger waiting times, platform crowding, and capacity utilization during periods of extreme but predictable demand.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research interests are primarily in Operations Research, with a focus on optimization methods for sustainable transportation systems and public infrastructure. I work on public transit optimization, electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning, and models that incorporate realistic user behavior.
My research develops innovative Operations Research techniques for complex, real-world transportation problems. Methodologically, I combine traditional optimization tools, such as mathematical programming and combinatorial optimization, with machine learning and simulation-based optimization approaches.
Student roles: The student will contribute to the formulation of the special-event timetabling problem, the implementation of the optimization model, and the development of an algorithmic solution approach. The student will also help define realistic event-demand scenarios, identify relevant operational constraints such as train capacity and feasible short-turning locations, and conduct computational experiments to evaluate the resulting timetables. The evaluation will focus on how specialized event timetables improve passenger waiting times, platform crowding, and capacity utilization during periods of extreme but predictable demand.
The internship will take place at Concordia University, and the Interuniversity centre of network logistics (CIRRELT), both in Montreal. The student will be able to participate in activities (seminars etc.) at all of these places.
Skills required: Required skills/background of the student: The ideal candidate will have a strong background in operations research, industrial engineering, applied mathematics, or a related discipline. Familiarity with mathematical optimization (LP, MILP) is required. Knowledge of reliability engineering, stochastic processes, and degradation modeling is considered an asset. Experience with programming languages such as Python, MATLAB, or C++, as well as optimization solvers such as Gurobi or CPLEX, is advantageous. Exposure to heuristic or metaheuristic optimization methods is also beneficial. Most importantly, we seek a motivated and curious student with strong analytical skills and a willingness to learn.
72. Optimization of Transitional Metro Timetables Between Periodic Service Regimes
Supervisor: Tommaso Schettini
University: Concordia University (Montréal campus)
Metro systems often operate according to different periodic timetables during the day. For example, a line may use a high-frequency timetable during peak hours and a lower-frequency timetable during off-peak periods. While each periodic regime can be optimized independently, the transition between two regimes is more difficult to manage. If this transition is not planned carefully, the line may experience irregular headways, unnecessary train movements, inefficient rolling-stock use, and temporary reductions in service quality.
This project focuses on the design of transitional metro timetables that connect two periodic service regimes. The objective is to determine how trains should be scheduled during the transition period so that the line moves smoothly from one periodic timetable to another. The resulting timetable should provide high-quality service to passengers, while limiting operating costs associated with train mileage, fleet requirements, and unnecessary empty movements.
The project will develop a mathematical optimization model for transition-period metro timetabling. The model will represent passenger demand, train frequencies, headway regularity, rolling-stock availability, travel times, turnaround operations, and infrastructure constraints. A central feature of the project is the explicit optimization of the non-periodic interval between two periodic timetables, rather than treating this interval as a manual adjustment or a fixed buffer. Since realistic instances may be computationally challenging, the project will also design and implement a solution algorithm capable of producing high-quality transitional timetables within practical computation times.
The main tasks of the project will be to formulate the transition-period timetabling problem, implement the optimization model, and develop an algorithmic solution approach. Computational experiments will be conducted to evaluate how optimized transitional timetables improve service regularity, passenger waiting times, rolling-stock utilization, and operating costs when metro lines switch between different periodic service patterns.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research interests are primarily in Operations Research, with a focus on optimization methods for sustainable transportation systems and public infrastructure. I work on public transit optimization, electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning, and models that incorporate realistic user behavior.
My research develops innovative Operations Research techniques for complex, real-world transportation problems. Methodologically, I combine traditional optimization tools, such as mathematical programming and combinatorial optimization, with machine learning and simulation-based optimization approaches.
Student roles: The student will contribute to the formulation of the transition-period metro timetabling problem, the implementation of the optimization model, and the development of an algorithmic solution approach. The student will also help define realistic transition scenarios between periodic service regimes, identify relevant operational constraints such as train capacity, rolling-stock availability, turnaround operations, and infrastructure limitations, and conduct computational experiments to evaluate the resulting timetables. The evaluation will focus on how optimized transitional timetables improve service regularity, passenger waiting times, rolling-stock utilization, and operating costs when metro lines switch between different periodic service patterns.
The internship will take place at Concordia University, and the Interuniversity centre of network logistics (CIRRELT), both in Montreal. The student will be able to participate in activities (seminars etc.) at all of these places.
Skills required: Required skills/background of the student: The ideal candidate will have a strong background in operations research, industrial engineering, applied mathematics, or a related discipline. Familiarity with mathematical optimization (LP, MILP) is required. Knowledge of reliability engineering, stochastic processes, and degradation modeling is considered an asset. Experience with programming languages such as Python, MATLAB, or C++, as well as optimization solvers such as Gurobi or CPLEX, is advantageous. Exposure to heuristic or metaheuristic optimization methods is also beneficial. Most importantly, we seek a motivated and curious student with strong analytical skills and a willingness to learn.
73. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for Pandemic Modeling
This project will develop and apply Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for pandemic modelling and epidemic forecasting. PINNs combine mechanistic epidemiological models, such as SEIR-type systems, with neural-network learning by embedding disease transmission equations directly into the training process. This allows the model to learn from real-world data while preserving epidemiological structure and interpretability.
The student will incorporate covariates such as mobility, vaccination rates, demographics, behavioural responses, and information-diffusion dynamics to improve forecasting across different regions or populations. The project will focus on recovering time-varying parameters linked to policy changes and population responses, while also accounting for equity, heterogeneity, and multi-region epidemic dynamics.
The work will involve model formulation, data integration, neural-network training, simulation, and benchmarking against modern AI baselines such as LSTMs, transformers, and neural ODEs. By bridging classical epidemic modelling with behaviourally responsive AI frameworks, this project aims to support interpretable forecasting, adaptive control strategies, and public-health decision-making during epidemics and pandemics.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is community-oriented artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and data science for infectious disease prevention, preparedness, and response. I develop AI-enabled and mathematical modeling approaches to support public-health decision-making, with emphasis on epidemic dynamics, behavioral responses, vaccination strategies, climate and environmental drivers, and health equity. This research integrates epidemiological data, climate-informed modelling, and community-relevant analytics to address infectious disease challenges in Canada, Africa, and the Global South, while supporting resilient health systems and equitable outbreak response.
Student roles: The student will develop and implement Physics-Informed Neural Network models that embed epidemiological equations into neural-network training. They will collect and process epidemic, mobility, vaccination, demographic, behavioural, and information-diffusion data; train and validate models; recover time-varying epidemiological parameters; and compare results with AI baselines such as LSTMs, transformers, and neural ODEs. The student will prepare simulations, visualizations, and forecasting outputs, and contribute to presentations and manuscript writing in collaboration with supervisors and interdisciplinary partners
Skills required: The ideal student should have a background in artificial intelligence, data science, applied mathematics, computer science, machine learning, statistics, mathematical epidemiology, public health, or a related field. Familiarity with neural networks, differential equations, SEIR-type models, forecasting, optimization, and health data analysis is preferred. Experience with Python, PyTorch, TensorFlow, R, or scientific computing tools would be an asset. Strong coding, mathematical reasoning, analytical, writing, and communication skills are required.
74. Positivity of Time-Delay Systems on Time Scales
Many engineering, biological, and economic systems are naturally subject to delays and state constraints that require system states to remain nonnegative. Examples include epidemic models, population dynamics, compartmental systems, power networks, communication systems, and resource allocation problems. Ensuring positivity is often essential for the physical validity of these models.
This project aims to investigate positivity-preserving properties of functional differential equations and their extensions to modern dynamical systems. Building on the classical characterization developed by Sandberg, the project will study new positivity criteria, comparison principles, and stability conditions for delayed systems, networked systems, and dynamical systems on time scales. Particular attention will be given to the development of unified analytical tools that can handle both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics.
The project will combine theoretical analysis with numerical simulations and may explore applications in epidemic spreading processes, compartmental models, synchronization problems, and networked control systems. The outcomes are expected to contribute to the mathematical foundations of positive dynamical systems and support future developments in control and optimization of delayed systems.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on systems and control theory, with particular emphasis on time-delay systems, hybrid systems, event-triggered control, impulsive control, networked dynamical systems, and stability analysis. My work combines mathematical analysis and control design to develop rigorous theoretical tools for studying complex dynamical systems arising in engineering, biological, and cyber-physical applications. Recent research interests include positivity-preserving dynamics, Halanay-type inequalities, event-triggered stabilization, synchronization of complex networks, and dynamical systems on time scales.
Student roles: The student will:
• Conduct a literature review on positivity theory, functional differential equations, and dynamical systems with delays.
• Study classical positivity results and comparison principles for delayed dynamical systems.
• Assist in developing new positivity-preserving conditions and comparison theorems for systems on time scales and networked systems.
• Perform mathematical analysis under the supervision of the research team.
• Develop numerical examples and simulation studies to validate theoretical findings.
• Participate in weekly research meetings and present progress reports.
• Contribute to the preparation of technical reports, conference presentations, and potentially journal publications.
Skills required: • Strong background in mathematics, applied mathematics, or related disciplines.
• Familiarity with differential equations and linear algebra.
• Knowledge of real analysis, stability theory, or functional differential equations is desirable but not mandatory.
• Experience with MATLAB, Python, or similar computational software for numerical simulations.
• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills.
• Interest in mathematical modelling and theoretical research.
75. Predicting Patient Length of Stay Using Machine Learning
Supervisor: Soodabeh Asadi Dezaki
University: University of Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown campus)
Accurately predicting how long a patient will stay in a hospital is an important challenge in healthcare management. Length of Stay (LOS) directly affects hospital capacity, staffing requirements, bed availability, patient flow, healthcare costs, and overall quality of care. Unexpectedly long stays can place significant pressure on healthcare resources and reduce operational efficiency.
This project aims to develop machine learning models that can predict a patient's Length of Stay at the time of admission using clinical and demographic information. The study will use administrative healthcare data from facilities in Charlottetown and apply a variety of machine learning techniques, including linear regression, decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and gradient boosting methods such as XGBoost.
Model performance will be carefully evaluated to identify the factors that most strongly influence patient Length of Stay and to determine which methods provide the most accurate predictions.
In addition to predicting LOS as a continuous outcome, the project will classify patients into short-stay and long-stay groups. Classification models can provide practical decision support for hospital administrators responsible for staffing, bed management, and resource planning.
The results of this research may help healthcare organizations improve planning, optimize resource utilization, and enhance patient care. Students involved in this project will gain valuable experience in healthcare analytics, machine learning, predictive modeling, and data-driven decision-making while working on a problem with direct real-world impact.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on operations research, optimization, machine learning, and healthcare analytics. I develop predictive models and analytical methods to support decision-making in healthcare systems and pharmaceutical supply chains. My work combines optimization, statistical modeling, regression analysis, classification techniques, and machine learning to address real-world challenges in healthcare management. Through these approaches, I aim to improve resource allocation, enhance patient outcomes, and support more efficient and effective healthcare operations.
Student roles: The student will participate in all major stages of this research project, which focuses on predicting patient Length of Stay using machine learning techniques.
**Literature Review:** The student will review recent academic research on Length of Stay prediction and healthcare analytics. They will summarize key findings, identify common approaches, and explore opportunities for improving prediction accuracy.
**Data Preparation:** The student will assist in cleaning, organizing, and preparing healthcare data for analysis. Tasks may include handling missing values, exploring variables, transforming data, and preparing datasets for machine learning applications.
**Model Development:** The student will help implement and evaluate machine learning models, including both regression models (predicting LOS as a numerical value) and classification models (predicting short versus long stays).
**Model Evaluation and Analysis:** The student will compare model performance using appropriate evaluation measures and investigate which patient characteristics contribute most to prediction accuracy.
**Research Communication:** The student will assist with preparing figures, summaries, reports, and presentations describing the methods, findings, and practical implications of the research.
This project provides hands-on experience in machine learning, healthcare analytics, predictive modeling, and data-driven decision-making while contributing to research with meaningful applications in healthcare management.
Skills required: The student should have a background in data science, machine learning, statistics, computer science, operations research, engineering, or a related field. Familiarity with programming languages such as Python or R is desirable. Experience with predictive modeling, data analysis, or machine learning techniques would be beneficial but is not required. An interest in healthcare applications is an asset. Strong analytical thinking, problem-solving ability, and communication skills are important for interpreting results and contributing effectively to the project.
76. Privacy-Preserving Analysis
Supervisor: Keval Vora
University: Simon Fraser University (Burnaby campus)
Recent advances in graph mining research permit learning complex and intricate relationships between entities (e.g., discovering insightful subgraph structures) within large data sets. With these larger systems, users cannot know whether nefarious actors can infer data about them. This project aims to ensure that users can ensure their data is kept private from such actors.
The project focuses on developing algorithms that enable the discovery of meaningful subgraphs in large-scale graphs while preserving the privacy of individual data points. By integrating "differential privacy" techniques, the project aims to ensure that any insights derived from the subgraph mining process do not compromise the confidentiality of sensitive information. The goal is to create privacy-preserving methods for extracting subgraphs that reveal specific user-defined structural patterns indicating important relationships within graph data, without exposing details that could lead to re-identification of individual nodes or sensitive sensitive.
This project is at the intersection of Probability and Statistics (randomness, data analysis, estimation) and Graph Theory. To get a flavor of this project, check out our recent work on differentially private estimation of power-law exponents: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3807894.3810274
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: 1. Data Analysis.
2. Privacy-Preserving Analysis.
3. Graph Mining.
4. Parallel and Distributed Computing.
Student roles: Students will first conduct a literature review of existing work on differential privacy and graph analysis to understand current methods, limitations, and research gaps. They will then be responsible for developing algorithms to identify specific subgraph patterns while ensuring privacy preservation. This involves analyzing and optimizing error bounds to guarantee the effectiveness of the algorithms under differential privacy constraints. Students will also implement the algorithms, evaluate their performance on real-world datasets, and contribute to writing comprehensive reports detailing the findings, methodologies, and outcomes of the project.
Skills required: The ideal candidate should be a junior or senior undergraduate majoring in Mathematics or Computer Science, or a related field, with a good understanding of probability theory, algorithms, and data structures. Basic coding skills in Python/Go or a similar language are required to implement and test algorithms. The candidate should be able to analyze complex problems and communicate findings clearly in both written and verbal formats.
77. Probability of Relatively Prime Polynomials in Polynomial Rings
Given two polynomials f (x) and g(x) chosen at random, what is the probability that they are relatively prime? For a ring R, we say that two polynomials f and g in R[x] are relatively prime if there is no monic polynomial of positive degree that divides both f and g.
Answers to this question are know for example when R is a finite field in which case the answer is neat and (miraculously) does not depend on the degree of f and g. Some special cases have also been worked out when R is Z/p^nZ. However, the answer is not known in general. This project involves investigating the question for different rings R (including non-commutative rings).
Even when the answer is known, the proofs are not combinatorial in nature. Another possible direction is to find combintorial proofs.
It would be interesting to explore if there are connections with special values of the Riemann-zeta function. This possibility of a link arises from an observation of Mertens who showed that the probability that two positive integers are relatively prime is 6/π^2 or 1/ζ(2).
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am broadly interested in algebriac number theory and the theory of elliptic cures.
Questions I study lie at the intersection of Iwasawa theory and arithmetic statistics. Iwasawa theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic objects, like ideal class groups or Selmer groups of elliptic curves, in infinite towers of number fields. A long-term goal is to understand the average behaviour of the Iwasawa invariants in appropriate families. I am also interested in questions pertaining to Iwasawa theory of graphs.
I also think about questions related to Diophantine stability and Hilbert’s 10th Problem.
Student roles: The student will spend some time learning the background material before pursuing independent and original research in this area; this will include reading textbooks and research-level published articles. Aside from discussing with me, they will have an opportunity to interact and discuss mathematics with my graduate students.
Based on their readings and calculations, they will try to formulate conjectures in this direction and also prove some of the conjectures they formulate. Along the way, I will provide regular guidance. To develop intuition and formulate reasonable conjectures, they will be encouraged to perform computer experiments.
They will write a written report of their findings, and if they make enough progress I will provide guidance and support to try and publish the results.
Skills required: 1. It would benefit the student if they have some background in algebra and algebraic (and analytic) number theory. Knowledge of p-adic numbers would be helpful. 2. If the student is somewhat comfortable using Python, C, C++, or SAGE/ PARI/GAP that would be advantageous 3. Most important is to come with an open mind.
78. Programming Exotic Mechanical Properties via Geometric Frustration in Smart Materials
Supervisor: Ido Levin
University: University of British Columbia (Vancouver campus)
Recently, the ability to spatially pattern the growth response of responsive materials to external stimuli has emerged as a promising strategy for inducing programmed shape-morphing in soft materials. Our research demonstrates that such differential growth does more than prescribe a target shape; it simultaneously determines the mechanical response of the resulting structure. Residual stress localization, soft deformation modes, and mechanical instabilities all emerge as consequences of the geometry encoded in the growth field. Despite this intimate connection between geometry and mechanics, the design of desired exotic mechanical properties through geometric frustration remains largely unexplored.
This project develops a systematic framework for designing materials with tailored mechanical behavior by rationally engineering the growth fields imprinted during fabrication. The theoretical foundation draws on our geometric formulation of elasticity, in which the mechanics of shape-morphing sheets are analyzed directly via the reference geometry induced by growth. This perspective reveals how the programmed geometry governs the emergent mechanical landscape and provides principled design heuristics that go beyond trial-and-error approaches. The analytical advancement will be accompanied by finite-element simulations, combining the interpretive power of semi-analytical methods with the generality of numerical ones.
The project is tightly coupled to our experimental work on two fronts. First, it interfaces with an ongoing lab effort on magnetically actuated shape-morphing elastomers, where rich mechanical responses, including snapping, buckling, and mode switching, are probed and tuned in real time. Second, it leverages our recently developed capability for fully programmable shape-morphing hydrogel sheets via 4D printing, enabling direct fabrication and testing of theoretically designed structures. Theory and experiment will inform each other iteratively, facilitating discovery.
Together, these efforts aim to establish geometry as a practical design language for mechanical metamaterials, with implications for soft robotics, deployable structures, and stimuli-responsive devices that require not only programmed shape but also programmed mechanical function.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research sits at the interface of geometry, soft matter, and materials science. My core focus is the design, fabrication, and modeling of soft materials, primarily hydrogels and elastomers, that undergo programmed shape transformations in response to environmental stimuli such as humidity or temperature. Drawing on principles from differential geometry and continuum mechanics, I develop mathematical frameworks to design differential growth fields that are encoded into responsive materials during fabrication, directing their transformation into target three-dimensional shapes. Potential applications range from soft robotics and 4D printing to biomimetic structures and biomedical devices.
Student roles: The student will lead the research project, contributing across both its theoretical and computational dimensions. They will begin by conducting a thorough review of the relevant literature, building familiarity with the geometric formulation of elasticity, shape-morphing materials, and the mechanics of growing elastic sheets. This foundation will prepare them to engage meaningfully with the project's open research questions. The core of the student's work will be semi-analytical, involving two complementary activities. On the analytical side, they will extend our theoretical framework to predict mechanical properties arising from geometric frustration and use it to derive design heuristics for promising material candidates. On the computational side, they will implement and run numerical simulations based on our existing numerical pipeline, including finite-element models and optimization routines, to test their theoretical predictions and explore parameter spaces that are not tractable analytically. Beyond their individual research tasks, the student will be a full participant in the intellectual life of the group. They will attend regular one-on-one meetings with the PI and weekly group meetings where ongoing projects are discussed and ideas are exchanged. The student will be expected to present their progress and findings to the group on a regular basis, developing their ability to communicate technical work clearly and incorporate constructive feedback. By the end of the internship, they will deliver a final presentation summarizing their contributions and situating them within the broader project. Overall, the student will be treated as a junior research collaborator: someone who both learns from the group's expertise and contributes original effort toward advancing the project's goals. The experience is designed to develop their research skills, deepen their scientific knowledge, and give them a genuine sense of ownership over their work.
Skills required: The ideal candidate has a background in physics or applied mathematics.
Required: Strong proficiency in numerical computation (preferably Python or MATLAB); a solid foundation in classical mechanics, multidimensional calculus, and ordinary and partial differential equations; and the ability to independently review, analyze, and synthesize scientific literature.
Assets: Familiarity with differential geometry, continuum mechanics, finite-element modeling (FEM), or high-dimensional optimization.
An ability to bridge theory and computation, and an interest in connecting mathematical structure to physical behavior, are highly valued.
Quantum computation is based on the revolutionary idea of replacing the classical bit values 0 and 1 with qubits (or more generally, qudits), which can be taught of as unit vectors in a 2-dimensional (or more generally, d-dimensional) vector space over complex numbers. The intriguing laws of physics that govern interactions of quantum states can then be utilized to devise quantum circuits that can efficiently solve algorithmic problems that are considered too difficult for classical computers.
Since the early stages of the development of quantum computation as a theory, representation theory of finite groups has played a crucial role. One way the representation theory naturally enters quantum computing is though the mutually centralizing actions of the group S_n of permutations on n letters and the group U(d) of square unitary matrices of size d on the space that represents the superposition of n qudits. The latter space is called an n-fold tensor product, and the resulting relation between the representations of S_n and U(d) is a fundamental result in algebra, known as Schur-Weyl duality. Powerful Quantum algorithms using Schur-Weyl duality have been proposed for a variety of problems, e.g., quantum tomography, property testing, quantum majority vote, entanglement distillation, etc. The goal of this research project is to explore the aforementioned connections between
representation theory and quantum information. We will consider a number of variants of these problems and investigate the possibility of adapting or improving the existing solutions.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am primarily interested in problems that lie at the intersection of representation theory with other areas, such as combinatorics, mathematical physics, number theory, and theoretical foundations of quantum computing. Roughly speaking, the goal of representation theory is to study realizations of complex algebraic structures using tools from linear algebra. One of the focal points of my research has been the study of Lie superalgebras, which are purely algebraic objects that first occurred in a highly influential but so far unproven theory in particle physics known as "supersymmetry".
Student roles: The minimum requirement for the student is to prepare a summary of the research outcomes of the project as a 10-15 page expository report (typeset using LaTeX). Significant results established by the students throughout the project can lead to a research paper in a peer-reviewed publication venue. The student will meet with the supervisor once a week to report on the progress and discuss the challenges that arise along the way. The student should also prepare a short talk (20-30 minutes) for an departmental undergraduate conference. The project begins with acquiring the necessary background on the theory of quantum computation and representation theory of groups. Subsequently the student switches to leaning about a variety of problems that lie at the intersection of these two domains. The relevant references (mostly lectures and research papers) will be provided by the supervisor at various stages of the project.
Skills required: Strong background in linear algebra and basic theory of groups, rings and fields is required. Familiarity with some introductory concepts in combinatorics, e.g., integer partitions, Ferrer diagrams, and graph theory, will be useful but not mandatory. Applicants are highly encouraged to improve their typesetting skills (particularly with LaTeX) prior to starting the project.Typesetting skills are vital for the progress of the project and dissemination of the outcomes.
80. Quantum algorithms for Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing
The general objective of the project is to formulate a resource allocation problem into a closed-form equation and subsequently apply, analyze and refine different quantum algorithms on it. Here, resource allocation refers to assigning application tasks to a given set of compute resources. The resource allocation problem is an NP-hard optimization problem because scaling the number of tasks and resources incurs the generation of an increasingly enormous state space of task-to-resource mappings. The general process of obtaining a near-optimal resource allocation is (i) formulating the optimization problem, (ii) applying a decision making algorithm that solves the optimization problem to find a near-optimal allocation, and (iii) evaluating the quality of that near-optimal allocation relative to the true optimum. When the number of possible mappings is small, the optimal allocation can be found by exhaustively generating all possible mappings and evaluating each mapping’s fitness within a plausible time limit. However, as a system scales up, exhaustive decision-making becomes impractical. Classical heuristics are therefore commonly used, but their effectiveness is questionable for large-scale systems because they still rely on generating and evaluating multiple mappings, even if not all of them. This limitation motivates one to consider quantum heuristics which leverage the quantum principles of superposition and entanglement to traverse many candidate solutions simultaneously, thereby avoiding explicit state-space generation and evaluation. However, quantum heuristics introduce an important constraint: while classical heuristics can invoke a separate queuing model as a subroutine to evaluate the fitness of generated mappings, quantum heuristics cannot do so. A quantum heuristic needs the optimization problem to be formulated as a closed-form equation. Consequently, the primary challenges of this investigation involve constructing such a closed‑form formulation, exploring quantum algorithms capable of solving it, and comparing their performance to existing classical heuristics.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on modelling and optimizing performance of cloud-based systems. In particular, I am interested in optimizing resource allocation (i.e. the distribution of mobile application tasks to resources such as smartphones and servers) to reduce application execution times, battery usage of the energy-constrained resources, and communication time among resources. Recently, my group has been investigating potential quantum advantages in addressing the resource allocation problem. To date, we have developed a quantum‑based approach that applies the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to identify task allocations that minimize application execution time.
Student roles: Recently, my research group has formulated a closed-form equation in the form of a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem to predict execution time of a mobile application [1]. This work also involved solving the QUBO using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The student’s role in this project will be to solve the existing QUBO using a different computing method known as Quantum Annealing. The student will begin with developing an understanding of resource allocation in mobile cloud computing, followed by an investigation into the principles and mechanics of Quantum Annealing. It is important to note that QAOA and Quantum Annealing operate in fundamentally different ways. QAOA requires transforming a QUBO into a cost Hamiltonian, mapping that Hamiltonian to a digital quantum circuit, and then running the circuit iteratively while adjusting the angle parameters of the circuit until a classical optimizer converges on an optimal set of the parameters. In contrast, Quantum Annealing maps the QUBO directly onto the physical qubit architecture of an analog quantum device called an annealer. The annealer then performs a physical annealing cycle without any iterative parameter‑tuning loop. In practice, the annealer’s default parameters are effective for a wide range of real‑world optimization problems.
In this project, the student will learn to use a quantum annealer developed by D‑Wave Systems and will aim to solve our existing QUBO on this hardware. The expected outcome for the student is to successfully implement Quantum Annealing for a given resource allocation problem, assess the quality of the resulting solution (i.e. near-optimal allocation), as well as measuring and evaluating the time required for the annealer to produce that solution.
[1] Daspal A, Das O. (2025). QUBO Formulation for Task Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing. IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE25), Extended Abstract, 404-405.
Skills required: Strong skill:Python Programming, Mathematical Optimization Good skill: Linear Algebra, Probability Theory Optional skill: Basic quantum computing knowledge is an asset.
81. Real-Time Energy Management of Drinking Water Tank Networks Under Uncertainty
This project aims to develop a stochastic optimization framework for the real-time energy management of drinking water distribution systems composed of interconnected storage tanks. The proposed research extends a previously developed deterministic optimization model by incorporating uncertainties associated with water demand variability and river level fluctuations. These uncertainties can significantly affect pumping operations, energy consumption, and overall system reliability.
The project will investigate scenario-based stochastic optimization approaches to support adaptive operational decision-making under uncertain environmental and consumption conditions. Water demand and river level scenarios will be generated from historical and operational data to represent realistic system variability. The proposed framework will integrate these uncertainties into the operational scheduling of pumps and storage tanks in order to improve energy efficiency while maintaining reliable water supply conditions.
The performance of the stochastic framework will be evaluated through comparative analyses with deterministic operating strategies using indicators such as energy consumption, operational cost, and system robustness. The expected outcome is a resilient and energy-efficient decision-support framework for smart drinking water infrastructure management under uncertainty.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research interest lies at the interface of the theory and application of deterministic optimization methods to problems in energy, transport and manufacturing. More precisely, I develop and implement exact and heuristic algorithms for solving integer and mixed integer optimization problems applied in the above industries
Student roles: This project aims to extend a previously developed deterministic optimization model toward a stochastic operational framework capable of addressing uncertainty in drinking water distribution systems. By integrating scenario-based demand variability into real-time energy management strategies, the proposed research seeks to improve operational resilience, energy efficiency, and sustainability
Skills required: Linear algebra; Mathematical optimization; Integer programming; Machine learning; Probability theory
82. Recurrent Outbreaks in SIRS Models with Adaptive Behavior and Viral Evolution
Supervisor: Chunyi Gai
University: University of Northern British Columbia (Prince George campus)
This project will use mathematical modeling and numerical simulation to study why infectious diseases may produce repeated epidemic waves rather than simply settling to a stable endemic level. The starting point is the classical SIRS model, which divides a population into susceptible, infected, and recovered groups and includes the loss of immunity over time. Although this model is widely used, it often cannot explain recurrent outbreaks unless additional mechanisms are included.
In this project, we will extend the SIRS framework by incorporating two important feedback processes: adaptive human behavior and viral evolution. Adaptive behavior represents how individuals may change their contact patterns, level of caution, or compliance with control measures in response to infection risk. Viral evolution represents the possible emergence and competition of different variants with different transmission or immune-escape properties.
The student will help develop, implement, and simulate these extended epidemic models using MATLAB, Python, or a similar computational tool. The project will explore how changes in behavioral response, transmission rate, immunity loss, mutation, or variant competition can lead to stable equilibria, periodic outbreaks, or more complex recurrent dynamics. Through this work, the student will gain experience in differential equations, dynamical systems, mathematical biology, and computational research.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My specialized research area is applied mathematics and mathematical biology, with a focus on dynamical systems, reaction–diffusion equations, pattern formation, and stochastic modeling. I study how complex spatial and temporal patterns arise in biological and physical systems, using tools from differential equations, asymptotic analysis, perturbation methods, stability theory, and numerical simulation.
In particular, my research includes the analysis of nonlinear PDE and ODE models, epidemic and ecological dynamics, localized patterns such as spikes and mesas, and the effects of noise, domain growth, and adaptive feedback on pattern formation and stability.
Student roles: The student will play an active role in developing and analyzing mathematical models for recurrent epidemic outbreaks. They will begin by learning the background of SIRS epidemic models, adaptive human behavior, evolutionary game theory, and viral evolution. This will provide the foundation for building extended SIRS-type models that include feedback between disease transmission, individual behavior, and possibly multiple viral strains or evolving viral traits.
I will mentor the student in carrying out mathematical analysis, including the study of equilibrium solutions, stability, and possible bifurcations that may lead to recurrent outbreaks. Numerical simulations will be used to support and guide the analysis. The student will implement the models in MATLAB, Python, or a similar platform, generate time-series simulations, explore parameter regimes, and compare stable, periodic, and more complex outbreak patterns. They will also prepare figures to illustrate the analytical and computational findings. I will also support the student in preparing figures that illustrate the analytical and computational findings.
Throughout the internship, I will meet regularly with the student to discuss mathematical ideas, interpret simulation results, and refine the model. I will also mentor them in key academic competencies, including mathematical modeling, critical thinking, numerical experimentation, and research communication. By the end of the internship, I will guide the student in summarizing the main findings in a short report or, depending on progress, a manuscript for publication.
Skills required: The student should have a background in mathematics, applied mathematics, physics, engineering, computer science, or a related quantitative field. Basic knowledge of ordinary differential equations, numerical methods, and mathematical modeling would be helpful. Since the project involves simulations, some programming experience in MATLAB, Python, or a similar language is strongly preferred. Prior knowledge of epidemiological modeling, dynamical systems, or evolutionary game theory would be an asset, but is not required. The student should be curious, motivated to learn new mathematical and computational tools, and interested in applying mathematics to biological or public-health related questions.
83. Reinforcement learning for pharmacy inventory management
Hospital pharmacies operate under constraints that set them apart from conventional inventory management. For example, demand is irregular and hard to predict, stock-outs have severe consequences for patient care, and many items carry significant unit costs. Classical inventory policies struggle in this environment, relying on unrealistic assumptions, such as stationary demand.
In this project, we develop a reinforcement learning approach to pharmacy inventory management, training an agent to make replenishment decisions that balance service level against the cost of holding high-value items. We will model the problem as a sequential decision process, implement and benchmark RL algorithms, and study how learned policies compare to standard approaches such as economic order quantity and reorder-point policies.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research lies at the intersection of mathematical optimisation, machine learning and mathematical modelling (in particular using probability theory).
Student roles: The student will experiment with data and implement the RL algorithm. If the project progresses as planned, the work will contribute to a research article to be co-authored by the student.
The project will be co-supervised by Prof. Ana María Anaya-Arenas and take place at UQAM, the Centre de recherche mathématiques (CRM) and the Group d'études et de recherche en analyse de décision (GERAD). The student will be able to participate in scientific activities in this rich environment.
Skills required: The student should have some background in reinforcement learning, ideally through a project (either in a course setting or through independent study).
Programming experience in Python is required, as the project is implementation-focused. Familiarity with inventory management or operations research is a plus but not required.
Representation theory of groups studies groups by examining how they act on other objects. A representation of a group G over a field k is a k-vector space on which G acts. This is the same as a (left) module over the group algebra kG. When the characteristic of k divides the order of G, kG-modules behave very differently, which is the subject of modular representation theory. We will focus on the case where k is a field of characteristic p and G is a p-group, that is, of order a power of p.
The kG-modules that are not projective are of particular interest. The stable module category StMod(kG) is defined by quotienting out the homomorphisms that factor through a projective module. This category is an example of a triangulated category.
The goal of the project is to write code to carry out computations in stable module categories.
My motivation is that stable module categories provide good testing ground for some of my work on triangulated categories.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Topology is the mathematical study of spaces. My research area is algebraic topology, which describes the shape of spaces using algebraic quantities that we can compute. For example, topologists can tell apart a sphere from a torus (donut), using either the fundamental group or homology groups.
My research concerns the extent to which such algebraic invariants determine a space, and about putting as much structure as possible on the algebraic invariants, in order to retain more information about the space.
Student roles: The research intern will solve the following tasks.
1. Learn the basics about stable module categories, notably their triangulated structure.
2. Familiarize oneself with existing GAP code to compute maps in the stable module category.
3. Write code (in GAP or Sage) for further computations in the stable module category. The following features are desirable: - Compute the cofiber of a map, that is, extend any map to an exact triangle. - Test whether a candidate triangle is exact. - Test whether two exact triangles are isomorphic. - Compute all the cofiber fill-ins starting from a commutative square.
Skills required: On the theoretical side: - A course in linear algebra. - A course in abstract algebra, e.g., group theory, rings, fields, and modules.
On the practical side: - Some coding experience, in any programming language. - Ideally some experience with mathematical software, such as GAP, Sage, Mathematica, or Maple.
85. Stochastic processes and probabilistic models / Processus stochastiques et modèles probabilistes
The research project will focus on the mathematical modeling of applied phenomena, using probabilistic tools. The aim is to understand how mathematics and stochastic processes can be used to better understand a phenomenon, based on questions arising from biology (such as the movement of bacteria, the spread of a disease), actuarial science (how to assess the risk of an insurance company) and other fields. In particular, we can study the long time of the process, to identify possible equilibria; we can study the fluctuations and observe the behavior in a random environment. We can also simplify the phenomenon so as to be able to push the mathematical model far enough, or modify the hypotheses to see their effects on the results known so far. The aim is to develop students' mathematical skills while working on questions related to other scientific areas. The precise model on which the internship will focus will be discussed with the candidates.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am professor in mathematics in the field of probability theory. My research focuses on the study of stochastic processes, their properties and long-time behavior. I am interested in models in various fields (physics, biology, actuarial science) involving processes such as piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs), interacting particle systems, diffusions, random walks, and Lévy processes.
Student roles: The internship is structured in different stages: first, the student will explore the main question, then discover the literature on the subject and deepen their knowledge, so as to be able to develop new approaches and obtain new mathematical results. The student is free to propose and explore new avenues of research, with the support of the supervisor. The internship will take place at the Université du Québec à Montréal, in the Mathematics Department. The intern will be co-supervised with a postdoctoral student. Weekly meetings will be held to discuss progression of the project. In addition, the intern will interact with students and other interns in the department. A report will be written in Latex, in order to give an overview of the work carried out during the internship.
Skills required: The student should have a mathematical background, with a good theoretical grounding in all areas of mathematics, especially in probability. Knowledge of convergence of sequences of random variables, Markov chains and martingales is an asset. Programming skills (in Python or R) are not required, but could be useful for illustrating mathematical results.
86. Strong Dual Bounds for Stochastic Arc-Routing Problems with Application in Mine Countermeasure Operations
Operations research (OR) is a branch of applied mathematics focused on developing analytical methods to improve decision-making systems. Many decision problems are formulated as combinatorial optimization problems. A well-known example is vehicle routing, which has numerous applications in industrial transportation and logistics. This project focuses more specifically on stochastic arc-routing problems, which arise not only in applications such as rural meter reading, but also in mine countermeasure operations. In our context, autonomous underwater vehicles must plan routes to detect underwater mines in past or current conflict areas.
Planning optimal routes in such environments is challenging. An optimization solver must explore a large set of feasible routes to identify one with minimal cost. Several practical constraints must be considered: sensors are imperfect and have limited range, routes must limit turning angles to reduce dead reckoning errors, and solutions must ensure, with a specified level of confidence, that the environment is free of mines. While general-purpose solvers such as Gurobi can guarantee optimal solutions given sufficient computational resources, such resources are rarely available in practice, making these problems intractable at realistic scales. As a result, specialized algorithmic approaches are required. Problem-specific heuristics can produce high-quality approximate solutions, but how far are these solutions from optimality? Addressing this gap is central to the project.
One promising direction is the development of problem relaxations, which has received limited attention in stochastic arc routing. Relaxations, such as Lagrangian relaxation, simplify the problem while providing useful information about the original formulation. In particular, they yield dual bounds that can be used to assess solution quality. Strengthening these bounds is key to improving the performance of solution methods and better understanding the quality of heuristic solutions.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: I am an assistant professor in the Department of Operations and Decision Systems of Université Laval. My research focuses on the (joint) application of optimization and machine learning in decision-making contexts for the development of state-of-art AI-based decision systems.
My research interests are:
1. Optimization and operational research: combinatorial, mathematical, multiobjective optimization, heuristics, metaheuristics;
2. Metasimulation and machine learning: big data analytics, decision-making, interactions between optimization, simulation and machine learning;
3. Applications: humanitarian and industrial applications, business intelligence/analytics.
Student roles: This project is an introduction to research in optimization. The student will act as a researcher on the project for the duration of the internship and will thus be given some autonomy. The problem tackled by the student will be challenging. Hence, a third year PhD candidate with strong knowledge of the project and expertise in combinatorial optimization will guide the student on a daily basis. Frequent meetings will be conducted with the professor to discuss the progress.
This internship is a great opportunity for students interested in developing their knowledge in the field of operations research. Important skills in research and mathematical modeling will be developed through establishing a methodology to gather data related to the research question and following mathematical modeling experiments. The student will be asked to adapt and compare relaxation techniques or to develop one of their own, hence requiring creativity. The student's research can lead to the writing and submission of a short scientific paper to an operations research journal. From a long-term perspective, the work of the student will provide strong insights to the research group for the further development of heuristic or exact algorithms.
The internship will be divided as follows. Weeks 1-2 will involve learning modeling techniques and languages within Python. Weeks 3-5 will involve a literature review and learning various relaxation methods. Weeks 6-8 will involve the design or adaptation of a relaxation method for the stochastic arc routing problem formulation provided by the professor. Weeks 9-10 will involve performing reproducible software experiments. For the remainder of the internship, the student is expected to discuss his findings in a report formatted as a short scientific paper in LaTeX.
Quebec city is a French-speaking city and Université Laval is a French-speaking university. The internship can be conducted in French or English.
Skills required: The student is expected to have coding experience: 1. Fluency in Python is required. 2. Experience with C++ and LaTeX might be useful.
Experience in optimization is an important asset. Experience in one of the following is a must: 1. Constraint programming. 2. Mixed-integer linear programming. 3. Mathematical programming. 4. Convex optimization. 5. Applied mathematics.
The student must be willing to tackle problems using a variety of optimization techniques, including mathematical programming with solvers such as CPLEX, Hexaly, and Gurobi. The student must have strong mathematical skills.
General skills: 1. Environment: Linux 2. English: reading and writing
The Cantor set, viewed as a topological space, is extremely homogeneous, and therefore rich in symmetries. A common source of such symmetries, for example, arises from symbolic dynamics, by identifying the Cantor set with spaces of infinite sequences of symbols. Fixing a collection of symmetries is a way of endowing the Cantor set with additional structure; this structure goes by the name of an étale equivalence relation. There is a large body of research on étale equivalence relations on the Cantor set, with rich connections for example to geometric group theory and operator algebras. This project seeks to better understand étale equivalence relations via groupoid cohomology. You will get learn what these ideas are, and get a chance to examine specific examples.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research area is operator algebras, a branch of functional analysis within pure mathematics. The research project is not directly in operator algebras, but interfaces with it.
Student roles: The student will study the research and work on problems related to it, meeting/presenting their progress weekly. The student will likely be partnered with another undergraduate student. The student will write a short report at the end of the research term.
Skills required: Background in real analysis is mandatory: the student should be familiar with the concept of a metric space, compactness, and connectedness. Further background in analysis (e.g., knowing the definition of a topological space, total disconnectedness) is a bonus.
88. T cell infiltration in cancer immunotherapy
Supervisor: Kang-Ling Liao
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
Traditional cancer treatments like radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy kill cancer cells directly but also harm healthy cells, causing severe side effects. Immunotherapy, a newer approach, activates immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. While most immunotherapies show promoting treatment outcomes, a major issue is their low response rate in many patients. T-cell infiltration may help address this problem. T-cell infiltration refers to the movement and accumulation of T-cells into tumor sites. High T-cell infiltration in tumors often indicates an active immune response and is associated with a high response rate to immunotherapy. These tumors are referred to as “hot tumor”. In contrast, low T-cell infiltration leads to a low response rate to immunotherapy and hence is referred to as “cold tumor”.
The main goal of this project is to identify gene(s) expressed on cancer cells that can switch cancer cells from cold tumor to hot tumor, and hence to improve the response rate to immunotherapy. Experimental data from my collaborator suggest several potential genes associated with T cell infiltrations. Among these candidates, some genes show positive correlations with anti-cancer immune responses. Thus, overexpressing these genes may switch the cold tumor to hot tumor, making them promising therapeutic targets for enhancing immunotherapy outcomes.
Since the mechanism of these genes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear, we will develop several mathematical models based on different biological hypotheses regarding their functions. These models will be calibrated using experimental tumor growth data provided by my collaborator’s lab. Then, we will compare these models using the Akaike Information Criterion to identify the most plausible model and determine the most likely underlying mechanisms. Finally, the selected model will be used to design treatment protocols aimed at improving the response rate to immunotherapy.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research focuses on mathematical modeling and analysis of cancer immunotherapy and cellular signaling pathways. I develop various types of mathematical models to mimic the dynamics and interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) under different cancer therapies or to address specific biological questions. My modeling work involves both qualitative and quantitative studies. In cancer studies, we use model predictions to evaluate potential treatment strategies, aiming to design optimal personalized treatment protocols or identify biomarkers for therapies. For cellular signaling pathways, our works help filter hypotheses and identify unknown factors, and predict the behavior of mutations under specific stimuli.
Student roles: Read and present the related experimental and/or modeling papers 2. Create mathematical models: PDE models (fixed or free boundary) or ODE models 3. Find experimental evidence to support the assumption of the models 4. Write the Matlab codes to generate the numerical solution for the created models 5. Perform the model calibration for data fitting 6. Numerical simulation i) Model validation to the experimental data Use the Matlab coding to generate accurate numerical solution and adjust the parameter values based on the experimental data, numerical outcome to provide the qualitative fitting. After having this result, the intern needs to explain the finding from the simulation in the Latex file and also create the high-resolution pdf files for these numerical results. ii) Numerical prediction- synergy analysis / treatment protocol design test different combinations of treatment dosages and schedule to generate a heat map for this synergy analysis. iii) Sensitivity analysis Use the Latin hypercube sampling to generate at least 10000 samples and then calculate their partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs) and p-value corresponding to the tumor outcome. 7. Bifurcation analysis 8. Analyze the dynamics of the model 9. Use Latex to write the manuscript for this project
Skills required: 1. Programming skills for Matlab 2. Modeling skills for ODE or PDE models 3. Know how to generate numerical solutions for ODE or PDE model by using Matlab 4. Willing to learn some biological data / background 5. Analysis skills for ODE model, including existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of solution, positive invariant set, local stability of equilibria, bifurcation analysis 6. Use Latex for manuscript editing
89. Tensor Decompositions and Applications
Supervisor: Yang Zhang
University: University of Manitoba (Winnipeg campus)
The Hamilton quaternion algebra is a four-dimensional non-commutative divisible algebra on the real number field. Segre quaternion algebra (or called reduced biquaternion) is a four-dimensional commutative algebra on the real number field. Both Hamilton and Segre quaternion algebra are research branches of algebra, and their four-dimensional properties make them have significant and important applications in fields such as image and signal processing, and mechanical engineering. For example, Hamilton quaternion tensors have been applied to color pictures, color video restoration and color video compression. The experimental results show that using Hamilton quaternion tensor to process such high-dimensional data has unique advantages and requires further research. The theory and application of Segre's quaternion algebra are not fully researched. Because Segre's quaternion has the multiplicative commutative law and two complex orthogonal bases , thereby effectively reducing the computational complexity. Existing results show that: whether in color image compression, face recognition or watermarking, using Segre quaternion to study the above problems has better computational complexity and experimental results than using Hamilton quaternion effect.
In this project, we plan to further study the algebraic structure of Hamilton and Segre quaternions, including SVD, QR, LU and Schur decompositions, CP and Tubal ranks, and various normal forms and inverses. We also plan to investigate their applications in practical problems such as color video and watermarking.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Tensor, also known as super-matrix, is one of the important research objects in algebra. A matrix can be regarded as a two-dimensional tensor, but the research on tensors of three dimensions and above is far more difficult and complex than matrices. Most computational problems in tensor research are NP-hard. Tensors have a long history of research and wide applications: from early Einstein's general theory of relativity to recent fields such as data mining, neural networks, machine learning and image processing.
Student roles: In my research work, there are a lot of algorithms which have to be implemented in mathematical software MatLab. I need to use these algorithms to compute and test some hypothesis, show the efficiency of the algorithms and also use them to compare my results with others. During the first two or three weeks, students will learn some MatLab programming skill and necessary mathematical background related to my project. After that, students will start to design/implement/test algorithms, and analysis results. They will work with my current research team including graduate students and undergraduate summer research students. Learning the design and implementation of algorithms will provide high quality training for the students.
Skills required: Students have already taken some advanced algebra courses. Computer programming skill is preferred but not required.
Differential graded algebras (dg-algebras for short) are important both in algebra and in topology. Given a dg-algebra A, one often wants to compute its homology H_*A. If we know the dg-algebra explicitly, in principle computing the homology becomes a problem in linear algebra. However, a dg-algebra is not always described in terms of explicit vector spaces and linear transformations.
The goal of the project is to write code to compute the homology of a dg-algebra described by a presentation, i.e., a list of generators and relations.
My motivation is to compute the homology of dg-algebras that carry universal examples of Massey products in their homology. Solving this problem would shed light on the structure of Massey products in general.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Topology is the mathematical study of spaces. My research area is algebraic topology, which describes the shape of spaces using algebraic quantities that we can compute. For example, topologists can tell apart a sphere from a torus (donut), using either the fundamental group or homology groups.
My research concerns the extent to which such algebraic invariants determine a space, and about putting as much structure as possible on the algebraic invariants, in order to retain more information about the space.
Student roles: The research intern will solve the following tasks.
1. Learn the basics about dg-algebras, dg-modules, and their homology.
2. Familiarize oneself with software that computes the homology of chain complexes (e.g. using Sage). Work out some examples.
3. Write code to compute the homology of a dg-algebra, including its structure of graded algebra.
Skills required: - A course in linear algebra. - A course in abstract algebra, e.g., group theory, rings, fields, and modules, commutative algebra, or homological algebra. - Ideally some experience with mathematical software, such as Sage, GAP, Mathematica, or Maple.
There exist many experiments subject to censoring and where future values ought to be predicted. A class of such problems involves type-II censoring with n components have random lifetimes X_1, ..., X_n, but only only observes the first m order statistics T_1 < T_2 < ...<T_m. In such situations, one may wish to predict:
(i) the next lifetime T_{m+1}; (ii) a future lifetime T_s with m < s <= n; or (iii) simultaneously a collection of future lifetimes T_ {future}, for instance a pair (T_r,T_s) with m<r<s\leq n.
Given a parametric model density f_{\theta} for the original observations, the problem becomes to consider the conditional density q_{\theta, t} of T_ {future} given T_{past}=(T_1, ... T_m)$. So the observed T_{past} provides at the same time a determination of q_{\theta} and sample information about \theta.
OBJECTIVES. This project will center on the prediction of T_{future} using Bayesian methods. Several parametric models will be considered, theoretical elements will be developed and then implemented computationally. We will consider (I) point prediction, (II) prediction intervals or regions, and (III) estimation of the density q_{\theta}.
Student roles: Background preparation on order statistics and prediction. Analytical work on Bayesian modelling, inference and prediction. Implementation and coding. Applications to actual data sets. Summary of results. Wirtten summary.
Skills required: Good knowledge in mathematical analysis, Bayesian analysis, statistical inference and probability. Expertise in mathematical programming.
Topological Data Analysis
Topological Data Analysis (TDA) is currently a very active field of research, and much of the recent progress comes from studying so-called persistent modules. These are classical objects from topology (homology groups), which change when some of the parameters grow towards infinity. The topological features which "persist" over a longer range are considered important aspects of the data set, and this information can be used gain knowledge, also using techniques from machine learning. These methods have successfully been applied in a number of areas ranging from medicine to cybersecurity. However, the methods to compute and study persistent modules are computationally expensive, and a speed-up would be much needed: the current limit lies at around 1000 data points, which is too little for detailed image analysis. One aim of the research project is therefore to test and develop faster methods to perform these calculations involving persistent modules. Other goals are the development of novel invariants that can be used to analyse multiparameter presistence modules.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research background lies in algebra and representation theory, but I am currently moving towards applications of these areas, such as in topological data analysis (TDA). TDA seeks to find structure in large data sets using methods from topology, such as computing homology groups. It has been applied to detect important features in numerous applications ranging from medicine to cybersecurity. Much of the recent progress in TDA is based on the study of persistence modules, and this is where my expertise in algebra can be applied.
My recent preprints can be found on arXiv here: https://arxiv.org/search/math?searchtype=author&query=Brüstle
Student roles: For a three months project, the first month will be devoted to learn: what is the goal of the project, what are pertinent literature and existing methods and software. The second month will be dominated by applying these previously acquired methods to the main question. This can be experimental (like testing on a computer if one can find more efficient methods in computing persistent modules and estimating the rank invariant) or theoretical (apply results from algebra to establish stability results).
Skills required: A good knowledge of linear algebra is required, as well as ability to implement and test new or existing methods on a computer. Experience in advanced courses such as tolopogy or homology would be great but is not required. Also, experience in numerical or stochastic methods in computing would be an asset.
93. Training Neural Networks to Solve the Wave Equation: Accelerating Full Waveform Inversion for Ultrasound Breast Imaging
Supervisor: Wenyuan Liao
University: University of Calgary
Location: Calgary, Alberta
Start date: 2027-06-01 (flexible)
Disciplines: Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, Earth Science, Medical Sciences
Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) is a radiation-free imaging modality capable of resolving dense breast tissue, and full waveform inversion (FWI) is the most accurate USCT reconstruction technique, producing high-resolution quantitative maps of acoustic properties such as speed of sound. Its central limitation is computational cost: FWI repeatedly solves the wave equation across many iterations, frequencies, and source positions, making quasi-real-time clinical reconstruction infeasible with conventional numerical solvers.
This project develops a physics-informed neural operator that learns the solution operator of the acoustic wave equation, acting as a fast, differentiable surrogate for the forward solver inside the FWI loop. Unlike a purely data-driven network, the model embeds the governing PDE through a physics-informed training objective, improving accuracy, stability, and generalization beyond the training distribution. By replacing expensive numerical wave simulations with rapid neural-operator inference, the inversion can be accelerated by orders of magnitude while preserving the wave-physics fidelity that gives FWI its resolution advantage.
The approach will be developed and validated on open, anatomically realistic resources, principally the OpenBreastUS benchmark and the Illinois numerical breast phantom datasets, which provide large ensembles of phantoms with paired wave simulations suited to both forward and inverse tasks. Evaluation will compare reconstruction accuracy, computational speedup, and robustness against conventional solver-based FWI and existing learned baselines.
The expected outcome is a validated framework for accelerated, physics-consistent USCT reconstruction, lowering a key barrier to clinical adoption. The methodology is broadly transferable to other wave-based medical imaging problems, including the longer-term and higher-stakes target of transcranial brain imaging.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Computational Mathematics, Inverse problems, Scientific Computing, Numerical Analysis, Modelling, Deep Learning, Full Waveform Inversion.
Student roles: The student will be a hands-on research contributor responsible for the implementation and experimentation at the core of the project. Specifically, they will: (1) Prepare and explore data, loading and visualizing the breast phantoms and their paired wave simulations, and understanding the USCT acquisition setup. (2) Implement and train the neural network surrogate for the acoustic wave equation, starting from a baseline architecture and iterating on the physics-informed training objective under supervision. (3) Integrate the surrogate into the FWI loop, replacing or augmenting the conventional numerical solver, and getting the end-to-end reconstruction pipeline running. (4) Run experiments and evaluate results, comparing reconstruction accuracy, computational speedup, and robustness against conventional solver-based FWI and existing baselines. (5) Document and communicate, keeping a reproducible record of code and numerical experiments, and presenting progress in regular meetings, culminating in a written report or poster (and potentially contributing to a publication).
Skills required: (1) Programming in Python or Matlab or C/C++. Comfortable writing and debugging non-trivial code, using NumPy/SciPy. Experience with TensorFlow or PyTorch is helpful. (2) PDEs, Numerical optimization, multivariable calculus and linear algebra, deep neural networks.
Many scientific and industrial phenomena of interest correspond to rare or extreme events, such as floods, droughts, heatwaves, critical failures, or financial crises. Modeling such events is challenging because extreme observations are scarce by nature, and the mechanisms observed in a source environment may differ from those in a target environment.
The goal of this internship will be to study transfer learning methods tailored to the prediction of extreme events under distributional shift. The project will combine tools from extreme value theory, distributionally robust optimization, and optimal transport in order to leverage abundant data from a source domain while controlling uncertainty in a target domain where observations are limited.
The intern will first become familiar with classical extreme value models, including GEV/GPD approaches and multivariate models. Part of the internship will then focus on the numerical implementation of robust methods for estimating extreme quantiles or rare-event probabilities in the presence of distributional shifts. Depending on progress, the project may also incorporate structural constraints, for instance when variables are organized on a spatial or hydrological network.
The internship will involve a strong programming and numerical experimentation component, using synthetic or real datasets. It is intended for a student interested in probability, statistics, machine learning, and scientific computing.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: As described on my page https://freakonometrics.github.io/, the themes addressed in the work of students under my supervision are primarily focused on understanding and modeling risks, and actuarial models (or predictive models, more generally). Applications range from modeling climate risks to analyzing discrimination and equity. The models are primarily mathematical and require a solid foundation in mathematics, statistics, game theory, probability, or quantitative economics.
Student roles: The student will have the option to: (1) conduct a scientific literature review on a specific field (2) work on a theoretical paper related to those issues
Skills required: As mentioned previously, the student will need to have a strong foundation in mathematics, statistics, game theory, probability, programming, or quantitative economics. The direction of the topic will be tailored to take into account the student's strengths. The student must be able to read scientific literature in English.
95. Tétraédralisation GPU en temps réel pour simulations physiques
Soft-body animation in computer graphics relies on the finite element method, which requires a tetrahedral discretization of an object's interior volume. Generating these tetrahedral meshes is traditionally an offline CPU preprocessing step: it is slow, runs once before simulation, and cannot adapt when an object is cut, fractured, or needs finer resolution in a region of interest. This project investigates generating tetrahedral meshes directly on the GPU, on the fly, so the volumetric discretization can be created and refreshed at interactive rates alongside the simulation itself.
The approach combines two modern GPU techniques. First, the jump flooding algorithm computes an approximate signed distance field around the input surface in a logarithmic number of passes, giving a fast, parallel representation of the object's interior and boundary. Second, mesh shaders, a flexible and compute-like stage of the modern graphics pipeline, amplify this field into tetrahedral elements, emitting interior tetrahedra from a background lattice and stitching boundary-conforming elements near the surface. The result is a fully GPU-resident pipeline from surface input to simulation-ready mesh, with no round trip to the CPU.
We will evaluate the method on three axes: mesh quality (tetrahedron aspect ratios, dihedral angle distributions, boundary fidelity) and downstream simulation stability and performance when the generated meshes feed our soft-body solver. A successful outcome enables capabilities that offline meshing cannot, such as adaptive refinement and re-tetrahedralization after topology changes like cutting or fracture, and forms the basis of a publishable contribution to GPU-driven physics-based animation.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: My research is in physics-based animation, the branch of computer graphics concerned with simulating the motion of physical systems like deformable solids, cloth, fluids, and the contact between them. The work sits at the intersection of continuum mechanics, numerical optimization, and high-performance computing: we discretize the governing equations of motion, design solvers that are stable and fast under large time steps, and balance physical accuracy against the interactive performance that graphics applications demand. PhySherGraph, an in-house simulation framework, serves as the common platform for these projects, which lets interns build onto rather than start from scratch.
Student roles: The intern will generate the GPU tetrahedralization pipeline from research to working implementation. The first weeks are devoted to studying the relevant literature, including jump flooding for distance fields, lattice-based and isosurface-stuffing approaches to tetrahedral meshing, and the mesh-shader programming model, and to familiarizing themselves with PhySherGraph's existing rendering and simulation infrastructure. With that grounding, they will design the pipeline's stages: surface voxelization, the jump-flooding distance-field pass, and the mesh-shader element-generation stage that emits tetrahedra.
Implementation proceeds incrementally and is validated at each step. The student will first produce a correct distance field, then a basic interior tetrahedralization, then boundary-conforming elements, checking mesh quality metrics against established baselines as they go. Once the generator runs, they will couple its output to our soft-body solver and verify that the resulting simulations are stable, profiling to remove bottlenecks. Throughout, they are responsible for clean, documented, reusable code that follows the lab's conventions.
The intern will work on a shared codebase at the heart of my team. They will have regular meetings with me, with the lab members, and develop communication skills leading to potential graduate research. By the end of the 12 weeks, the student will deliver a documented GPU tetrahedralization module, a quantitative evaluation of its mesh quality and runtime, and a short written report suitable as the seed of a research paper, a genuine and self-contained research contribution that previews graduate study in my group.
Skills required: Strong C++ and hands-on GPU programming experience are essential, ideally with modern graphics APIs (Vulkan, DirectX 12, or WebGPU) and compute shaders; exposure to mesh shaders or the jump flooding algorithm is a strong asset but can be learned during the internship. The candidate should have a solid foundation in linear algebra, computational geometry, and 3D mathematics, and be comfortable reading and extending a substantial existing codebase. Coursework or projects in computer graphics, GPU computing, or geometry processing is highly valued. No prior physics-simulation experience is required. I will provide the necessary background in soft-body animation.
96. Visualizing and Diagnosing Gradient Conflict in Multi-Task Neural Networks
When a neural network is trained to satisfy multiple objectives simultaneously, for example fitting observational data while respecting a physical law, the gradient signals from different objectives can point in opposing directions. This phenomenon, known as gradient conflict, is a well-documented source of training failure in physics-informed neural networks and multi-task learning more broadly. Despite its importance, there is currently no standard open-source tool for monitoring, visualizing, and diagnosing gradient conflict during training. Researchers typically write custom plotting code every time they train a new model, which is inefficient and produces inconsistent diagnostics across studies. In this project, the intern will design and build a lightweight Python library that plugs into standard PyTorch training loops and provides real-time diagnostics for gradient conflict. The tool will compute and log pairwise cosine similarities between task-specific gradients, track adaptive weight trajectories, generate per-layer conflict heatmaps, and produce publication-quality figures summarizing training dynamics. The intern will validate the tool on two to three PDE benchmark problems drawn from our lab's existing codebase and will write comprehensive documentation including example notebooks. The resulting tool will be released as an open-source package on GitHub under the DIMMS Lab, and we plan to submit a short software paper to the Journal of Open Source Software describing the library. The intern will be listed as lead developer and co-author on the software paper. Beyond the publication, this tool will be used internally by the lab for all future PINN projects and will be shared with external collaborators, substantially increasing the visibility of both the lab and the intern's contribution. This is an ideal project for a student interested in research software engineering, scientific computing, or machine learning tooling.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Our lab develops physics-informed neural networks for disease modelling and scientific machine learning. A recurring technical challenge across all our projects is gradient conflict in multi-objective training, where different loss terms produce update directions that disagree and stall the optimizer. We have recently developed an adaptive method to manage this conflict, but diagnostic tools for visualizing and understanding training dynamics in multi-task settings remain underdeveloped across the scientific machine learning community. This project focuses on building such tooling, and therefore contributes to research infrastructure at the intersection of scientific computing, machine learning, and open-source software development.
Student roles: The intern will serve as lead developer on an open-source scientific software tool within the DIMMS Lab. The role combines software engineering with research applications and is ideal for a student who enjoys designing clean APIs, writing documentation, and producing polished code. During the first two weeks, the intern will onboard by reviewing our existing PINN codebase, studying representative training dynamics from our published experiments, and drafting an initial API design for the library. The intern will also survey existing tooling in the scientific machine learning community to identify gaps this library should fill. From weeks three to six, the intern will implement the core functionality including gradient hooks, cosine similarity computation, per-layer conflict metrics, and adaptive weight logging. Development will follow standard software engineering practices including version control, unit testing, and continuous integration. Weekly meetings with the supervising team will guide API decisions and prioritize features. From weeks seven to nine, the intern will build the visualization layer, including real-time plotting, training-run summaries, and publication-quality figure export. The intern will validate the tool on two to three PDE benchmarks from our lab's codebase. During weeks ten to twelve, the intern will write comprehensive documentation, create example notebooks demonstrating the tool on real research problems, package the library for distribution on PyPI, and draft a short software paper for submission to the Journal of Open Source Software. The intern will present the tool at a final DIMMS Lab seminar. The intern will work independently on most development tasks but will collaborate closely with the PhD student and other lab members on API decisions and testing. All code will be released publicly. The intern will be listed as lead developer and co-author on the software paper.
Skills required: Undergraduate standing in Computer Science, Software Engineering, or a related discipline (third or fourth year preferred). Strong Python programming skills are essential, along with solid experience using PyTorch. Familiarity with matplotlib or similar visualization libraries is required. Experience with Python package development (pip, setuptools) or open-source GitHub workflows is a strong asset. Interest in scientific computing, research tooling, or machine learning infrastructure is important. No background in differential equations or physics is required for this project; the focus is primarily on software design and development.
97. Where Quantum Helps (and Where It Doesn't)
Supervisor: Yassine Yaakoubi
University: Concordia University (Montréal campus)
Location: Montreal, Québec
Start date: 2027-05-03 (flexible)
Disciplines: Mathematics, Computer Science, Engg-Systems and Technology
Quantum computing promises breakthroughs in combinatorial optimization, yet no demonstrated quantum advantage exists on operational problems (Abbas et al., Nature Reviews Physics 2024): claimed scaling advantages have evaporated under properly matched classical baselines such as simulated bifurcation (2025), and QUBO penalty encodings destroy precisely the constraint structure classical solvers exploit. The community's benchmarking response, the Quantum Optimization Benchmarking Library (QOBLIB, 2025), evaluates standalone solvers; no published study assesses quantum methods as embedded subproblem oracles inside classical decomposition under matched compute, which is where near-term value would first appear in operations.
The intern will produce that evidence: (1) build an open encoding library mapping operational problems (gate and stand assignment, equipment scheduling, vehicle-routing variants) to QUBO/Ising forms, including constraint-preserving mixers (XY/LX, alternating-operator ansatz) as alternatives to naive penalties; (2) implement hybrid pipelines (QAOA and VQE on simulators and cloud QPUs, including Québec's 127-qubit IBM Quantum System One; quantum and simulated annealing; quantum-inspired heuristics such as simulated bifurcation and tensor networks), run standalone and as subproblem oracles embedded in classical decomposition and large-neighborhood search; (3) run a matched-compute benchmarking protocol against strong classical baselines (Gurobi, LKH-3/HGS, OR-Tools, and our own learning-augmented solvers), reporting time-to-target and solution-quality distributions with scaling analyses; and (4) distill a "quantum readiness map": which problem sizes, densities, and structures (if any) favor hybrid methods today, and what hardware progress would change the answer.
Every outcome is publishable: positive results are news, negative results are needed. Expected outputs: an open benchmark suite and encoding library, a submission to IEEE Quantum Week (QCE) or an OR/quantum journal, and the foundation of our group's quantum-for-operations research line, co-mentored with quantum-computing colleagues at Concordia.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Our group develops learning-augmented optimization deployed at industrial scale (airlines, airports, mining). We are opening a rigorously evaluated quantum direction: where, if anywhere, do quantum and quantum-inspired methods help solve operational combinatorial problems? With quantum-computing collaborators at Concordia and access to cloud quantum hardware through Québec's quantum ecosystem (PINQ²'s utility-scale 127-qubit IBM Quantum System One; Calcul Québec), we study hybrid quantum-classical pipelines against honest classical baselines, producing the evidence the field currently lacks.
Student roles: The intern works with weekly 1:1 supervision, co-mentored by a quantum-computing graduate researcher in the group and our solver-focused PhD students (a large, active lab where several members work on adjacent solver and benchmarking problems). The intern owns the pipeline in stages: problem encodings and classical baselines first, then the hybrid and quantum-inspired algorithms with simulator and cloud-QPU experiments. Weeks 1-2: literature and tooling onboarding (Qiskit/PennyLane, our solver stack). Weeks 3-5: encoding library and baseline harness; first QAOA runs. Weeks 6-9: benchmark grid across problem families, sizes, and compute budgets; embedded-oracle experiments. Weeks 10-12: scaling analyses, the "quantum readiness map", open-source release, and a co-authored manuscript draft; final presentation to the group. Deliverables: encoding library, benchmark suite with leaderboard, and manuscript. Strong interns continue remotely toward publication and are well placed for graduate positions as our quantum-for-operations line grows.
Skills required: Strong Python; solid linear algebra and probability; coursework in quantum computing or hands-on exposure to Qiskit/PennyLane (a quantum summer school or hackathon counts); optimization basics (MILP, local search). Rigor and intellectual honesty matter most: this project rewards students who value verifiable evidence over hype. Physics, mathematics, and computer science backgrounds all work here; olympiad-style problem solving is a plus.
98. aPhyloGeo: New Model for Genetic and Climatic Data Analysis
Breakthroughs in DNA sequencing technology during the 1980s brought about a revolutionary shift in evolutionary biology. This pivotal moment gave rise to the field of phylogeography. Introduced by John Avise and his colleagues a little over three decades ago, this highly integrative discipline explores the intricate connections between Earth's history, ecology, and the diversification of life forms. Phylogeography involves tracing the geographic patterns of species' evolution, where new species emerge from common ancestors, by studying their migrations across different regions.
The objective of this project is to develop and implement a novel, open-source software platform that is both unique and innovative for analyzing phylogenetic trees based on phylogeographic processes. This user-friendly tool will be made accessible to the scientific community, accompanied by a comprehensive guide and various datasets. Its capabilities will enable researchers to address scientific inquiries such as understanding the correlation between genetic makeup, geographical distributions of species, and climatic parameters. The platform will include a species mapping feature, a graph generator, and an interactive analysis tool, forming the core elements of the dashboard. The new web page will be deployed on an institutional server, facilitating simultaneous interaction by multiple users.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Since July 2021, Nadia Tahiri has held the position of Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the Université de Sherbrooke. Her research program primarily focuses on enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for biodiversity generation and maintenance. Specifically, she is dedicated to identifying evolutionary processes and developing new criteria for this purpose. Throughout her career, she has undertaken various projects, including the creation of a rapid and reliable method for detecting and confirming horizontal gene transfer events using phylogenetic trees. She has also designed a phylogeographic approach to study the diverse species of wild coffee in
Student roles: We are currently engaged in the development of the initial version of aPhyloGeo (analysis phylogeography). Interns will play a crucial role in various tasks to advance the project.
1. The interns will contribute to the development of a web platform that supports the concurrent analysis of multiple users. The objective is to create a platform that allows for seamless collaboration and fosters healthy competition among users, enhancing the overall research experience.
2. To ensure efficiency and maintainability, optimizing the source code will be a priority. This will involve documenting the code thoroughly, ensuring clear explanations of the implemented processes, and promoting code accessibility. These efforts will enable easy understanding and future enhancements by both current and future contributors.
3. To further enhance performance, interns will work on code parallelization and the deployment of the software on a dedicated server. By leveraging parallel computing techniques and efficient resource allocation, the system's capabilities can be significantly improved, allowing for faster and more efficient data processing.
4. A crucial aspect of the project will be on designing and implementing an advanced algorithm capable of simultaneously analyzing genetic and climate data. This algorithm will enable a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between genetic factors and climatic influences in the context of phylogeography.
Through these intern-driven tasks, we aim to create an advanced and comprehensive tool for phylogeographic analysis. The collaboration of interns will play a significant role in shaping the future of aPhyloGeo, making it a valuable resource for researchers in the field.
Skills required: The ideal candidate should possess strong programming skills in languages such as C, C++, Python, as well as proficiency in web languages like CSS and JavaScript. Knowledge of algorithms and graph theory is desirable. Familiarity with bioinformatics would be an added advantage. The student should be highly independent, proactive, and able to work autonomously. Fluency in both written and spoken English or French is required.
99. iPhyloGeo: Interactive Platform for Genetic and Climatic Data Analysis
Breakthroughs in DNA sequencing technology during the 1980s brought about a revolutionary shift in evolutionary biology. This pivotal moment gave rise to the field of phylogeography. Introduced by John Avise and his colleagues a little over three decades ago, this highly integrative discipline explores the intricate connections between Earth's history, ecology, and the diversification of life forms. Phylogeography involves tracing the geographic patterns of species' evolution, where new species emerge from common ancestors, by studying their migrations across different regions.
The objective of this project is to develop and implement a novel, open-source software platform that is both unique and innovative for analyzing phylogenetic trees based on phylogeographic processes. This user-friendly tool will be made accessible to the scientific community, accompanied by a comprehensive guide and various datasets. Its capabilities will enable researchers to address scientific inquiries such as understanding the correlation between genetic makeup, geographical distributions of species, and climatic parameters. The platform will include a species mapping feature, a graph generator, and an interactive analysis tool, forming the core elements of the dashboard. The new web page will be deployed on an institutional server, facilitating simultaneous interaction by multiple users.
Research area, student roles & skills
Research area: Since July 2021, Nadia Tahiri has held the position of Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the Université de Sherbrooke. Her research program primarily focuses on enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for biodiversity generation and maintenance. Specifically, she is dedicated to identifying evolutionary processes and developing new criteria for this purpose. Throughout her career, she has undertaken various projects, including the creation of a rapid and reliable method for detecting and confirming horizontal gene transfer events using phylogenetic trees. She has also designed a phylogeographic approach to study the diverse species of wild coffee in
Student roles: We are currently engaged in the development of the initial version of iPhyloGeo (interactive phylogeography). Interns will play a crucial role in various tasks to advance the project.
1. The interns will contribute to the development of a web platform that supports the concurrent analysis of multiple users. The objective is to create a platform that allows for seamless collaboration and fosters healthy competition among users, enhancing the overall research experience.
2. To ensure efficiency and maintainability, optimizing the source code will be a priority. This will involve documenting the code thoroughly, ensuring clear explanations of the implemented processes, and promoting code accessibility. These efforts will enable easy understanding and future enhancements by both current and future contributors.
3. To further enhance performance, interns will work on code parallelization and the deployment of the software on a dedicated server. By leveraging parallel computing techniques and efficient resource allocation, the system's capabilities can be significantly improved, allowing for faster and more efficient data processing.
4. A crucial aspect of the project will involve designing and developing an interactive and user-friendly dashboard. This dashboard will serve as a central hub for task processing, providing intuitive controls and real-time updates. By creating an engaging and accessible interface, users will have a streamlined experience while managing their tasks within the iPhyloGeo platform.
Through these intern-driven tasks, we aim to create an advanced and comprehensive tool for phylogeographic analysis. The collaboration of interns will play a significant role in shaping the future of iPhyloGeo, making it a valuable resource for researchers in the field.
Skills required: The ideal candidate should possess strong programming skills in languages such as C, C++, Python, as well as proficiency in web languages like CSS and JavaScript. Knowledge of algorithms and graph theory is desirable. Familiarity with bioinformatics would be an added advantage. The student should be highly independent, proactive, and able to work autonomously. Fluency in both written and spoken English or French is required.