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History

8 Mitacs Globalink (GRI) research projects for Summer 2027.

1. Avi Lewis and the (impossible?) dream of Canadian socialism

I am working on a biography of Avi Lewis, the new leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP). I argue that Lewis is trying to put into practice some of the central concepts associated with contemporary political and intellectual Left : reliance on social movements, intersectionality, left-wing populism. Comparable attempts have had some success elsewhere: Great Britain; France; the United States, Spain, and so on. The biography will assess his chances in Canada. Do curent social, economic and cultural realities in Canada offer him any realistic hope of success?

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: Canadian political and intellectual history; history of the political left in Canada

Student roles:
Perform literature reviews on contemporary left-wing movements
Analyse media reports devoted to Avi Lewis

Skills required:
Experience in political science, political philosophy would be an asset.
Knowledge of French would be asset.

2. From Entrudo to Carnaval in Brazil and Portugal

The larger project examines social and cultural change and cultural conflict in the nineteenth-century Luso-Brazilian world by focusing on pre-Lenten celebrations and the origins of the quintessentially Brazilian festival of carnaval (carnival). Its primary focus is the repression of entrudo, a form of celebration castigated in the nineteenth century as a “barbarous game,” inappropriate for the newly-independent country, and the institution of “civilized” forms of celebrations – carnaval – in the decades after mid-century. The principal goals of this research project are (1) to document the practice of entrudo in five major Brazilian cities (Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Recife, São Luiz, and Salvador); (2) to trace the repression of entrudo and the institution of new forms of pre-Lenten celebration throughout Brazil; and (3) link this Brazilian history of entrudo and carnaval to its Portuguese origins and parallels. This will involve analyzing anti-entrudo rhetoric, documenting anti-entrudo policing, and examining both the practice and the rhetoric about the new forms of celebration, which included parading, masked balls, and other forms of "civilized" amusement in Brazil and Portugal. The main sources for this project are the nineteenth-century Brazilian and Portuguese newspapers now available electronically, as well as travelers' accounts and anti-entrudo legislation in the form of posturas (municipal bylaws), along with available archival sources. By reading the documentation produced by entrudo's repression against the grain, I seek to understand entrudo's meaning, not just to those who sought to do away with the old practices but also to those who continued to engage in the proscribed activities.

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: Hendrik Kraay’s research focuses on nineteenth-century Brazilian social, cultural, and political history. He is particularly interested in the interaction between elite and popular politics, festivals, race, slavery, and the development of the Brazilian imperial state. These themes run through his monographs: Bahia's Independence: Popular Politics and Patriotic Festival in Salvador, Brazil, 1824-1900 (2019), Days of National Festivity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1823-1889 (Stanford University Press, 2013) and Race, State, and Armed Forces in Independence-Era Brazil: Bahia, 1790s-1840s (Stanford University Press, 2001).

Student roles:
The main task of the Globalink intern(s) is to find articles about entrudo and carnival in the nineteenth-century Brazilian and Portuguese press and to locate references to the celebrations in travelers' accounts and in other contemporary sources. The principal geographic areas of focus for this stage of the research project are Rio de Janeiro (ca. 1860 to 1889) and Portugal (1800-1900).
The work will involve extensive research in a variety of databases. On-line newspaper collections in the Luso-Brazilian world (the Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira from Brazil's Biblioteca Nacional and its Portuguese counterparts, the Hemeroteca Municipal de Lisboa and the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal) contain thousands of titles. Because most of these collections were generated from microfilms, their search capacity is quite limited and, therefore, the intern(s) will examine the newspapers for the weeks leading up to Lent to locate articles about entrudo and carnaval, which they will download and add to a database. They will catalogue the articles and transcribe or summarize them.
From the standard bibliographies of travelers who visited Brazil and Portugal, the intern(s) will compile a bibliography and search for the travelers in databases like Eighteenth-Century Collections Online, Nineteenth-Century Collections Online, Google Books, and Internet Archive. The analytical tasks will include examining these works and identifying relevant passages on entrudo, carnaval, and other popular cultural practices, copying or downloading them, and adding them to a database.
Additional work may involve collecting and analyzing anti-entrudo bylaws from the online collections of Portuguese law codes, collecting references to entrudo and carnaval from other primary and secondary sources, and analyzing manuscript bylaws from nineteenth-century São Paulo.
Some of this work has already been started by previous research assistants, and the 2027 intern(s) will continue these tasks.

Skills required:
The student intern for this project should have the following skills:
1. Excellent reading skills in Portuguese
2. Familiarity with nineteenth-century Portuguese orthography, grammar, and usage
3. Knowledge of research methods in the discipline of History
4. Experience with primary-source historical research
5. Knowledge of nineteenth-century Luso-Brazilian social, cultural, and political history
6. Experience with database software would be an asset
7. Experience with reading and transcribing nineteenth-century manuscripts would be an asset

3. Historic Patterns of Law and Incarceration

This project will quantify, analyze, and map the growth of Saskatchewan’s legal system from 1880 until 1930. In doing so it will focus on reconstructing the judicial system at multiple levels (justices of the peace, district courts etc.) to study whether a judge’s background influenced their decision making. Did judges give longer sentences to individuals with similar (or different) backgrounds? Are there regional patterns of enforcement? How varied are the sentences given out over time and across regions? Finally, this project will rebuild the institutional histories of the Prince Albert Penitentiary and the Regina Gaol. This project involves 1) reading through archival records, 2) locating judges, justices of the peace, and other members of the judicial system in the Canadian census and linking them to prison records, and 3) mapping patterns of arrest and incarceration over time. By quantifying, analyzing, and mapping these types kinds of enforcement, this project will help to uncover how geography, ethnicity, socio-economics influenced historic rates of incarceration.

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: I specialize in Indigenous history and the creation of the Canada-United States border. My recent work has investigated the state sponsored abductions of suspected criminals across international lines. My methodologies often focus around archival research, GIS (digital mapping), historical databases, and game-based learning.

Student roles:
During the first two weeks of the appointment, the student will receive advanced historical training in digital mapping (GIS), database/spreadsheet construction, data analysis, transcriptions, visualizations, etc. During weeks 3-12, the student will read and digitize archival records. They will help to create and modify databases related to Saskatchewan’s judicial system. Finally, they will map information related to judges, justices of the peace and sentencing patterns.

Skills required:
This project is open to a wide range of skills/backgrounds. An ability to read cursive writing is an asset, as many of the archival documents appear in that format. This project does not require knowledge of GIS software (QGIS etc) or databases although previous experience in either would be an asset. Previous historical research experience is similarly an asset but not required.

4. In Our Own Words: Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc and the Kamloops Indian Residential School

This is a book-length project requested of me by Elders in my Indigenous community of Tk'emlups te Secwepemc. They want a history of our Kamloops Indian Residential School completed from our perspective using archival and oral history elements. The school ran from 1890 to 1978 and currently houses community band offices, museum and archives, language school, day care, and other programs. This project will draw on significant archival data housed in the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (available online) that I have been granted permission to use. The book will focus on the day-to-day running of the school, but also its philosophical and political underpinnings in settler colonial policy. I will also be producing a website and community materials that students may be able to work on.

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: I am an Indigenous historian who focuses on Indigenous histories of politics, activism, and gender in 20th century Canada. I follow community-engaged research practices for my work. I also conduct research of interest to my Indigenous community, Tk'emlups te Secwepemc.

Student roles:
Students will be responsible for reviewing archival documents from the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (through dropbox), and will take detailed notes on relevant materials. They will manage a spreadsheet that includes populating keywords and making connections to broad themes. They will also use endnote to add to and access secondary literature related to residential schools, Indigenous peoples, and settler colonialism.

Skills required:
Students will be familiar with historical research, including experience with archival records. They will be familiar with how to read and approach historical scholarship (secondary sources). They will have competencies with programs such as excel, endnote, and dropbox, and will have strong attention to detail. They will be able to read cursive writing, especially from historical documents. They will have an understanding of Indigenous histories in Canada and the history of the Indian Residential School system. I will provide access to specific literature to ground students in the history of Indigenous peoples in BC, residential schools, and settler colonialism.

5. Language, Culture, and Identity in the Ukrainian Immigrant Community: Social Media, Influencers, and Community Engagement

This project examines the role of language, culture, memory, and identity within the contemporary Ukrainian immigrant community in Alberta, Canada, with particular attention to the influence of social media and digital communication. It builds on a pilot community-engaged dialogue that brought together Ukrainian-language social media influencers and members of the Ukrainian immigrant community to discuss language practices, cultural representation, multilingualism, and belonging in the context of migration and war. The project seeks to understand how language, culture, and identity are represented, negotiated, and circulated in both online and offline community spaces. Particular attention will be paid to language ideologies, multilingual practices, and the role of social media influencers in shaping discussions about Ukrainian identity, language use, cultural memory, and community engagement. The research draws on qualitative data collected through community dialogues, audience responses, social media materials, surveys, interviews, and related project documentation. Using approaches from sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, and linguistic anthropology, the project will examine how community members and influencers construct and negotiate meanings associated with language, culture, and belonging. The project addresses broader questions concerning the role of language in immigrant communities experiencing rapid social and demographic change. It also contributes to emerging scholarship on migration, media, language ideologies, and the impact of war on diaspora communities. The findings will provide insights into how social media influences community discourse, how multilingual practices are negotiated in everyday life, and how language functions as a resource for identity, memory, and community building. The project contributes to ongoing research on the Ukrainian diaspora while also informing broader discussions about language, migration, and digital communication in multicultural societies.

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: The project is grounded in Ukrainian Canadian diaspora studies, digital folklore and media studies, and propaganda studies, and examines identity, memory, migration, language, belonging, and information warfare within Ukrainian communities in Ukraine and the diaspora. Methodologically, his research integrates oral history, community-based scholarship, and digital humanities approaches to the study of migration, displacement, cultural heritage, and the circulation of narratives and propaganda in contemporary media and society

Student roles:
The student will play an active role in the analysis and organization of data collected as part of an ongoing research project examining language, culture, identity, and social media within the Ukrainian immigrant community in Alberta.
A primary responsibility will involve working with qualitative datasets generated through community dialogue events, audience feedback, surveys, interviews, field notes, and social media materials. The student will assist in organizing, cleaning, coding, and classifying data using established analytical frameworks developed by the research team. This includes identifying recurring themes related to language ideologies, multilingual practices, cultural memory, identity, migration, and community engagement.
The student will also assist in compiling and managing a corpus of social media content produced by influencers and community members. Responsibilities may include categorizing posts, annotating textual and visual materials, developing coding schemes, and documenting patterns emerging from the data. Where appropriate, the student may contribute to preliminary discourse analysis and thematic analysis of the collected materials.
Additional responsibilities will include reviewing relevant scholarly literature, participating in regular research meetings, maintaining research documentation, and assisting with the preparation of research reports, presentations, and knowledge mobilization activities.
Through participation in the project, the student will gain experience in qualitative research methods, sociolinguistic and discourse analysis, social media research, data management, and community-based research practices. The project provides valuable training in handling complex qualitative datasets and offers opportunities to contribute to an active research program examining the relationship between language, media, culture, and identity in contemporary immigrant communities.

Skills required:
Applicants should have a background in Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Communication Studies, Media Studies, Cultural Studies, Ukrainian Studies, Anthropology, or a related field. Experience with qualitative research methods, discourse analysis, interviews, surveys, or social media research is an asset. Strong organizational, analytical, and writing skills are required. Familiarity with data management, coding, and qualitative analysis software (e.g., NVivo, Excel) would be beneficial. Knowledge of Ukrainian is mandatory. The project is particularly suitable for students interested in language, identity, migration, media, and community-based research.

6. Palestine 1926

Rather than treating interwar Palestine primarily as a prehistory of the state of Israel, this project will try to reconstruct the experience of “being in” a historical moment without teleology or retrospective judgment. Histories of interwar Palestine are too often organized around the explanatory task of accounting for the 1948 partition, despite that outcome being inseparable from global and regional cataclysms not yet imaginable in the 1920s. By refusing to read history backwards, the paper examines technological, political and social transformations as experienced without foreknowledge of impending upheavals.

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: Analysis of Modern Middle Eastern history (especially Palestine during the interwar period), with a particular focus on political, social and economic change over the course of one calendar year, 1926

Student roles:
This project will consist of searching Arabic newspapers (especially Egyptian and Palestinian), and other primary source material, online and in print, to select wide ranging material on infrastructural and everyday domains—maps and museums, taxes and title, coinage and citizenship, railways and reservoirs, radio, tourism, newspapers, elections, crime, earthquakes, and migration—through which Palestinian society navigated the 1920s. Students will be required to translate the articles (and other primary source material) into English, and organise them according to relevant themes.

Skills required:
Students must have a native command of Arabic, a familiarity with the Arab press across the Middle East during the interwar period, and a knoweldge of how to search newspapers online.

7. Student activism, law, and expression in 1970s Saskatchewan

This project investigates a libel case that began in Saskatoon in 1973, when two women law students wrote a letter to the editor of a local newspaper suggesting that a city councillor - a leader in the Ukrainian community and the struggling Conservative party - was racist, as shown by his support for a group of petitioners who opposed the establishment of an alcohol rehabilitation centre for First Nations and Metis people in their neighborhood. The councillor sued the newspaper for defamation, and the case went all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada. The reason it went so far is that the law students got themselves out of the case, so that there was no one willing to admit to believing the councillor was racist. Without evidence that an actual person believed this, the trial judge was unwilling to let the jury consider the defence of "fair comment." The Court of Appeal allowed the newspaper's appeal, but the Supreme Court of Canada held that the trial judge was right, and the councillor got his damages. Newspapers were alarmed: they were not in the habit of confirming that the writers of letters to the editor believed what they had written. Newspapers wanted their "letters" pages to be fora for spirited debate, and they mobilized for legal change after the case was finally decided. I have interviewed some key participants in the case. They were fired up by the possibilities of civil rights and access to justice. This period brings my longstanding interests together and raises very contemporary questions about reputation, free speech, and the media in eras of shifting norms and values.

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: I am cross-appointed between Law and History. Most of my research investigates nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Canadian approaches to using the law of defamation to punish people for offensive expression. I'm interested in how American approaches to freedom of expression diverged from British/colonial approaches and in how defences to these actions have evolved, since before the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982), it was through common law defences that people defended themselves. Other research concerns racial discrimination in Canada during that period, again with a particular eye to differences between Canadian and American approaches.

Student roles:
Any or all of these tasks may be required: attending and taking notes at interviews, transcribing interviews, tracking down and keeping track of secondary sources, finding and taking notes on newspaper articles and other sources, finding and analyzing secondary sources, proofreading, checking footnotes, and compiling terms for an index. The student should be able to work collaboratively but also independently, and must have the judgement to know when to ask for guidance.

Skills required:
I'm hoping to find a student interested in the history of the press and social activism to continue doing primary and secondary research and work with me on a book manuscript. Some background in Canadian and American history would therefore be helpful, especially knowledge of the history of the Canadian prairies and the various people who have lived there. The student must be curious about how people thought in the past and willing to read old newspapers and court records and to learn some law. The student must be careful with details and attentive to the textual voices.

8. The Revolution in Mexican Foreign Relations

My research focuses upon the political and cultural history of Mexican foreign relations during the period of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1940). I am completing three related projects on the history of inter-American relations: 1) a collaborative research project on the topic of Mexico’s oil expropriation of 1938 and its reception in Latin America 2) a project on the Canadian arbitration of the Chamizal Dispute between Mexico and the U.S. in 1911 and 3) a research project on international blind activism in Latin America.

Research area, student roles & skills

Research area: The research area is the political and cultural history of Mexico. The work bridges social scientific approaches to international relations and cultural studies approaches to history.

Student roles:
The student will assist in the collection and organization of research materials related to the project. Tasks may include: reviewing microfilm copies of Spanish-language newspapers and making digital reproductions of articles related to the research topics; converting digital photographs of documents ad newspaper articles to pdfs; attaching these to records in a research database; creating keyword searches for the documents; and, preparing short English-language summaries of Spanish-language documents.

Skills required:
Students with a background in History, International Relations, and/or Cultural Studies will be well-prepared for this work. Strong English and Spanish language skills and excellent analytical skills will be required for the historical analysis of periodical sources and diplomatic correspondence.